Across
- 1. primary defense which is present to trap pathogens, present in areas without skin
- 4. disease-causing microorganisms or viruses
- 6. enzyme which changes soluble fibrogenic insoluble fibrin protein to form a mesh
- 9. the cells activated by a specific helper T cell that displays the antigen on the surface
- 10. white blood cells that move through ameboid movements, and engulf pathogens
- 12. y-shaped proteins with a binding site to attach the corresponding antigen
- 13. the clumping of particles which acts as an immune response from the corresponding antibody-antigen reacting together
- 15. immunity occurs when a large portion of a community becomes immune to a disease, making it unlikely to spread. to protect vulnerable communities.
- 17. primary defense system which acts as a physical barrier to prevent entry of pathogens
- 19. stimulate the immune system to fight pathogens without causing the disease
- 20. oily substance that maintains moisture, and increases acidity to inhibit bacterial growth
- 21. a type of endocytosis that breaks down pathogens in the lysosome
Down
- 1. lymphocytes which are formed after initial exposure to pathogens
- 2. infectious disease that are naturally transmitted from vertibrate animals to humans
- 3. secondary defense which traps pathogens and prevents infection from spreading
- 5. domain that is not known to cause disease in humans
- 7. virus which reduces the production of antibodies, to increase the host's risk of developing infection. mechanism via breastfeeding, blood tranfusion, etc.
- 8. the cells that bind to the antigen on phagocytes to become activated
- 11. glycoproteins on the cell's surface to help identify self or nonself
- 13. immune system which develops over time, becomes specific to antigens
- 14. enzyme which breaks bacteria cell wall/peptidoglycan
- 16. immune system which responds generally to pathogens, cannot recognise pathogens as specific species of bacteria
- 18. the ability to eliminate an infectious disease from the body