Across
- 2. this inflammatory disease process commonly follows significant cardiac events, especially myocardial infarction and may present a pericardial friction rub upon auscultation of heart sounds.
- 5. diagnostic test used to evaluate cardiac structures including chambers and valves.
- 7. infants experiencing tetralogy of fallot present with __________________ due to shunting of unoxygented blood that is pumped to the body.
- 9. blood pressure = cardiac output x ____________________________
- 12. this type of shock occurs when a client loses a significant amount of blood volume, either internally or externally
- 13. abbreviation for a myocardial infarction involving ST elevation.
- 17. this type of heart failure occurs when the left ventricle fails, manifests as crackles, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, fatigue, tachycardia, weakness, etc.
- 18. these clients experience vegetations of microbes on heart valves and should receive prophylactic antibiotics before any dental or respiratory procedures or surgery.
- 19. during systole, these valves are open to facilitate ejection of blood to the pulmonary artery or aorta.
- 21. clients with atrial dysrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter are at increased risk of thrombi/emboli due to blood _____________ in the atria.
- 22. fever, smoking, pain, pregnancy, stress, and exercise are factors that _____________ heart rate.
- 24. heart rate x stroke volume =
- 26. dysrhythmia that occurs when the heart rate exceeds 100 bpm.
- 28. clients with hypertension often present ________________ due to the body’s ability to compensate until a significant amount of vascular damage occurs.
- 30. gold standard diagnostic blood test used to evaluate myocardial damage during a myocardial infarction.
- 31. clients with any type of shock with present with ________________ blood pressure.
- 32. beta-adrenergic receptors are activated as part of the ______________ nervous system, which increases heart rate and cardiac contractility
- 34. provides twelve various “pictures” of the conduction of the heart, vital part of assessment for clients with angina pectoris.
- 35. presence of a u wave on ECG is indicative of this electrolyte imbalance.
- 36. clients with spinal cord injuries may experience this type of shock.
- 37. this type of shock occurs in clients who experience a severe reaction to an allergen; presents with wheezing/stridor, urticaria, pruritis; a medical emergency.
Down
- 1. the area of the cardiac cycle that is altered with atrial dysrhythmias such as atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation.
- 3. the most common cause of myocardial infarction
- 4. tachycardia; cool, pale, moist skin; thirst; oliguria, and increased respirations occur during this phase of shock.
- 6. the area of the brain responsible for cardiac control
- 8. in the cardiac cycle, this represents depolarization of the ventricles.
- 10. early signs of shock include anxiety and _______________________
- 11. the maximum amount of blood in the ventricles during diastole.
- 14. Deviations from normal cardiac rate or rhythm, caused by electrolyte abnormalities, fever, hypoxia, stress, etc., results in decreased cardiac output.
- 15. this type of heart failure occurs as a result of left-sided heart failure or a pulmonary condition, typically manifests as JVD, anasarca, ascites, hepatomegaly, etc.
- 16. this type of angina is non-predictable, pressure or crushing pain, is not alleviated by rest or nitro and typically precedes a myocardial infarction.
- 20. failure of complete valve closure, permits backward flow of blood requiring additional force to maintain cardiac output
- 23. dysrhythmia that occurs when the heart rate is less than 60 bpm.
- 25. during diastole, these valves are open to allow the ventricles to fill.
- 27. clients with pericarditis experience chest that is worse with _____________________; to alleviate pain, the client should be instructed to sit upright and lean forward.
- 29. this sound is heard upon auscultation over incompetent or diseased valves.
- 33. narrowing of valve opening, prevents forward flow of blood requiring additional force to push blood through the valve opening.