Across
- 2. an organelle that converts the radiant energy of the Sun into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.
- 7. a small body in the nucleus where ribosomes are synthesized.
- 8. a simple sugar that serves as the major energy source for all cellular processes.
- 11. series of chemical reactions that convert energy in food molecules into ATP
- 12. The chemical process in which carbon dioxide and water combine, using energy from the Sun, to make sugar and oxygen.
- 13. a small, circular piece of DNA separate from the genetic material in the nucleoid of a bacterial cell. Plasmids often contain genes that provide an advantage to the cell, like antibiotic resistance.
- 20. the rigid, porous outer layer of a plant cell.
- 22. living things are made of one or more cells; the cell is the smallest unit of life; new cells come from preexisting cells
- 24. made of many cells
- 30. a tiny structure where proteins are synthesized
- 31. a cell structure that performs a specific function.
- 32. a hair-like structure that helps bacterial cells adhere to surfaces. Some pili are able to transfer genetic material to other cells.
- 35. adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that provides energy for cellular respiration
- 36. a double-layered membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus.
- 40. a double-layered membrane that surrounds the cell. Also called the plasma membrane, it regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
- 41. a round body in the center of the cell that contains DNA and regulates gene expression.
Down
- 1. an organelle that uses oxygen to convert nutrients into energy that can be used by the cell.
- 2. The chemical process in which stored energy is broken down so it can be used by an organism to survive when there is no food source available.
- 3. made of one cell
- 4. a region inside a bacterial cell that contains genetic material. Unlike in plant and animal cells, the nucleoid in bacteria is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
- 5. Genetic material that holds information for making more cells.
- 6. a small structure that can store food (leucoplast) or pigment (chromoplast).
- 9. a process by which glucose is partially broken down into pyruvic acid without the use of oxygen
- 10. The basic unit of all living things.
- 14. a chemical process that does not use oxygen
- 15. a small sac, or vesicle, that contains digestive chemicals
- 16. a hair-like organelle that helps a cell move.
- 17. a stack of membranes that collects, modifies, and packages chemical compounds.
- 18. series of reactions that convert light energy, water, and CO2 into glucose and give off oxygen
- 19. a green pigment inside chloroplasts that converts light energy into a chemical form the plant can use
- 21. a network of passageways in which chemical compounds are manufactured, processed, and transported.
- 23. the outermost layer of a bacterial cell that prevents harmful materials from entering, keeps the cell from drying out, and protects the bacterial cell from the immune cells of other organisms.
- 25. energy that is released or absorbed in chemical reactions
- 26. A nonliving protective shell with genetic material inside of it.
- 27. energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation
- 28. a type of vesicle that stores water, nutrients, and other chemicals. The large vacuole found in plant cells helps the cells maintain their shape.
- 29. a small, sac-like package of nutrients, proteins, or water created by the Golgi apparatus. Types of vesicles include vacuoles and lysosomes.
- 33. filaments, including actin, microtubules, and microfilaments, that aid in cell movement and give the cell its shape.
- 34. a bundle of microtubules that helps organize the movement of chromosomes during cell division.
- 37. a jelly-like substance, composed mainly of water, occupying most of the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
- 38. a chemical process in which oxygen is used
- 39. A type of single-celled organism found almost everywhere on Earth.