Across
- 3. Process that occurs when the active site of an enzyme changes shape (Prevents substrate from connecting to the enzyme)
- 5. repelled by water
- 6. Physical Description: Fluid filled sac found in both plant and animal cells. Function: Used for storage. Plant only: filled with watery fluid that strengthens and supports the cell
- 8. permeable Allows some but not all materials to cross, Helps the cell maintain homeostasis (a balanced internal environment)
- 9. the diffusion of water across a membrane
- 10. ER Physical Description: interconnected network of folded membranes WITHOUT ribosomes. Function: production of lipids occurs on the inside and breaks down drugs and alcohol
- 11. A large molecule made of smaller molecules of the same type (monomers) linked together
- 12. Physical Description: Only found in plants and green algae (not in animal cells), Have their own ribosomes and DNA. Function: carry out photosynthesis
- 17. Apparatus Physical Description: Closely layered stacks of membrane enclosed sacs. Function: Process, sort, and deliver proteins in vesicles
- 19. site location on the enzyme where the substrate connects
- 20. Diffusion A form of passive transport because it requires no energy. Involves proteins to help larger molecules move across the cell membrane from high concentration to low concentration
- 21. anything that speeds up a chemical reaction
- 22. Physical Description: Membrane bound organelles that contain enzymes. Function: Defends cell from bacteria and viruses, Breaks down damaged or worn out cell parts
- 26. bilayer composed of two layers of phospholipid molecules. Each phospholipid molecule is made up of: One hydrophilic head which is attracted to water. Two hydrophobic tails repelled by water
- 27. Microscopic single-celled organism. NO nucleus. NO membrane bound organelles (has ribosomes & DNA). Example: Bacteria
- 30. Wall Physical Description: Rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane found in plants, algae, fungi and most bacteria (not in animal cells). Function: gives protection, support, and shape to the cell
- 31. small parts of a cell that have a specific function
- 33. A substance produced by living organisms that speeds up chemical reactions
- 35. ER Physical Description: interconnected network of folded membranes studded with ribosomes. Function: production of proteins occurs on the surface and inside
- 36. attracted to water
- 38. Physical Description: A jellylike substance. Function: contains dissolved nutrients and surrounds all of the organelles
- 39. Monomer- Amino Acids. Function- Changes the rate of chemical reactions (enzymes), Building, repairing & maintenance of organelles and cells.
- 41. acid Monomer- Nucleotides. Function- Store and transmit genetic information, protein synthesis
- 44. substances changed during a chemical reaction, found on the left side of the equation
Down
- 1. substances made by a chemical reaction, found on the right side of the equation
- 2. Process of taking liquids or large molecules into a cell
- 4. transport Movement of molecules without using any of the cell's energy (from an area of high concentration to low concentration)
- 7. Physical Description: Bean shaped with a double membrane, Have their own ribosomes and DNA. Function: Supply energy to the cell, using cellular respiration
- 13. Solution The solution has a lower concentration of dissolved particles than a cell (water concentration is higher outside the cell than inside)
- 14. Transport Moves molecules across a membrane from low concentration to high concentration
- 15. Releases substances out of the cell
- 16. Energy the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
- 18. Physical Description: Enclosed inside nuclear envelope, which has pores allowing molecules to pass in and out. Function: Storehouse for genetic material/DNA
- 23. reactants that an enzyme acts on
- 24. Common Name- Fats and Oils. Monomer- Fatty Acids. Function- Long term energy, Insulation, cell membranes
- 25. Movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration
- 28. Organism (can be single-celled or multi-celled), Has a nucleus, Has membrane bound organelles, Example: plants, animals, fungi, protists
- 29. one single unit
- 30. Common name- simple sugars. Monomer- monosaccharides. Function- short term, quick release energy
- 32. Solution the solution has a higher concentration of dissolved particles than a cell (water concentration is higher inside the cell than outside)
- 34. Theory All living things are made of cells, All cells come from preexisting cells, The cell is the basic unit of life.
- 37. Solution the solution has the same concentration of dissolved particles as the cell (Water molecules move into and out of the cell at an equal rate)
- 40. Physical Description: Made up of protein and RNA. Function: Uses messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize (make) proteins
- 42. membrane Physical Description: Composed of special lipids called phospholipids, Surrounds the cell. Function: Protects the cell and allows things (nutrients, food, molecules) in and out of the cell
- 43. Reaction The process of rearranging the molecular structure of a substance by breaking and forming chemical bonds