Across
- 2. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.
- 4. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a bacteriophage
- 5. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5'3' direction away from the replication fork.
- 8. A repair system that removes and then correctly replaces a damaged segment of DNA using the undamaged strand as a guide.
- 15. The sugar component of DNA nucleotides, having one fewer hydroxyl group than ribose, the sugar component of RNA nucleotides
- 17. The cellular process that uses specific enzymes to remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides.
- 18. An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer using the parental DNA strand as a template.
- 21. Eukaryotic chromatin that remains highly compacted during interphase and is generally not transcribed.
- 23. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
Down
- 1. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of one DNA fragment (such as an Okazaki fragment) to the 5' end of another DNA fragment (such as a growing DNA chain).
- 3. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
- 6. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA (for example, at a replication fork) by the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of an existing chain. There are several different DNA polymerases; DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I play major roles in DNA replication in prokaryotes.
- 7. Member of the prokaryotic domain Bacteria.
- 9. Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins, consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides.
- 10. The less condensed form of eukaryotic chromatin that is available for transcription.
- 11. The basic, bead-like unit of DNA packing in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound around a protein core composed of two copies of each of four types of histone.
- 12. The new complementary DNA strand synthesized continuously along the template strand toward the replication fork in the mandatory 5'?3' direction.
- 13. A short segment of DNA synthesized away from the replication fork on a template strand during DNA replication, many of which are joined together to make up the lagging strand of newly synthesized DNA.
- 14. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage.
- 15. The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent antiparallel polynucleotide strands wound around an imaginary axis into a spiral shape
- 16. One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Archaea.
- 19. A short stretch of RNA with a free 3' end, bound by complementary base pairing to the template strand, that is elongated with DNA nucleotides during DNA replication.
- 20. A small protein with a high proportion of positively charged amino acids that binds to the negatively charged DNA and plays a key role in chromatin structure.
- 21. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks, separating the two strands and making them available as template strands.
- 22. An enzyme that cuts DNA or RNA, either removing one or a few bases or hydrolyzing the DNA or RNA completely into its component nucleotides.