Across
- 6. the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them ot pass on to the brain.
- 9. in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated.
- 10. the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs.
- 11. in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch.
- 15. the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time
- 17. the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina.
- 18. conversion of one form of energy into another.
- 19. the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts.
- 23. the processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision.
- 25. retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond.
- 26. the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.
- 27. the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina.
- 30. retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions.
- 31. a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background stimulation.
- 32. a tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency
- 33. heaing loss caused by damage to the cochleas's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness
- 34. the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
Down
- 1. the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next.
- 2. the theory that opposing retinal process enable color vision.
- 3. the theory that the retina contains three different colors receptors when stimulated combination can produce the perception of any color.
- 4. the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.
- 5. the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster.
- 7. a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening.
- 8. hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea.
- 12. the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.
- 13. the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
- 14. spot/the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there.
- 16. adaption/diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
- 20. the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage
- 21. the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance
- 22. the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum.
- 23. the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them
- 24. the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.
- 26. priming/the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response.
- 28. a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses.
- 29. threshold/the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time