Across
- 3. Siddhartha Gautama and all others who have by their own insight attained perfect enlightenment.
- 5. Patterned icons that visually excite; used in Vajrayana Buddhism to enhance meditation.
- 8. The 4th of the 4 Noble Truths; defines the basic that lead to nirvana
- 11. Phrases or syllables chanted to evoke a deity or to enhance meditation; used in Hinduism and Buddhism, especially in Vajrayana.
- 14. The 2nd of the 4 Noble Truths, selfish desire, which causes dukkha
- 16. One who has become enlightened; the ideal type for Theravada Buddhism
- 17. The first of the 4 Noble Truths, the basic Buddhist insight that suffering is part of human condition.
- 19. Choreographed hand movements used in rituals of Vajrayana Buddhism.
- 21. Characteristics that summarize the changing nature of reality: anatta, anicca, and dukkha
- 22. The largest of Buddhism’s three divisions, prevalent in China, Japan, and Korea; encompasses a variety of forms, including those that emphasize devotion and prayer to the Buddhas and bodhisattvas
Down
- 1. Ethical duty on the divine order of reality; one of the four goals of life.
- 2. The Buddhist community of monks and nuns; one of the Three Jewels of Buddhism.
- 4. A basic Buddhist teaching that rejects both the pleasures of sensual indulgences and the self-denial of asceticism, focusing instead on a practical approach to spiritual attainment.
- 6. An ancient language of India, similar to Sanskrit but more commonly understood, and used in the writing of the earliest Buddhist texts; most important for Theravada Buddhism
- 7. Named for the vajra, the Buddha’s diamond scepter; prevalent form of Buddhism in Tibet; emphasizes the harnessing of sensual energies to attain nirvana.
- 9. Prevalent form of Buddhism in Cambodia, Burma (the union of Myanmar), Sri Lanka, and Thailand; focuses on the earliest texts and emphasizes monastic lifestyle
- 10. The spiritual leader of Vajrayana (Tibetan) Buddhism, believed to be an incarnation of the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara.
- 12. the ultimate goal of all Buddhists, the extinction of desire and any sense of individual selfhood, resulting in liberation from samsara and its limiting conditions.
- 13. The basic moral requirements that are binding for all Buddhists.
- 15. Future Buddhas. As the ideal types for Mahayana Buddhism, beings who have experienced enlightenment but, motivated by compassion, stop short of entering nirvana so as to help others achieve it.
- 18. The central teachings of Buddhism: to live is to experience suffering; suffering is caused by desires; the cessation of suffering can be achieved; the solution is the Noble Eightfold Path.
- 20. One of the 3 Marks of Existence; the Buddhist doctrine denying a permanent self
- 23. One of the 3 Marks of Existence; the Buddhist doctrine that all existent things are constantly changing.