Across
- 3. a system by which particular environmental events are systematically arranged to produce specified behavior changes
- 6. feedback that lets children know specifically what it is they are doing well
- 7. positive reinforcement provided contingent on an approximation of a desired behavior
- 10. emphasizes the dominant role of environment and reinforcing experiences in learning
- 14. motivation that comes from inside the individual rather than from any external reward such as praise or grades
- 16. learning by watching and imitating another's actions also called modeling
- 18. one who believes that human development is a natural unfolding of innate abilities and nearly independent of environmental influence
- 19. arranging the classroom environment in ways that promote children's appropriate behavior and forestall behaviors teachers consider inappropriate
- 20. a general term for a consequence, event, or procedure that increases or maintains the behavior it follows
- 21. two or more responses that cannot occur together
- 25. type of learning that results from the consequences of a person's behavior operating intentionally on some aspect of the environment to produce change
- 26. learning by watching and imitating another's actions also called observational learning
- 27. feelings of pleasure and personal satisfaction derived from working on or accomplishing a task discovering something new or solving a problem
- 29. gradually reducing prompts cues physical assistance when teaching a particular skill
Down
- 1. a mild form of time-out in which the teacher asks a misbehaving child to sit at the edge of an activity for a minute or two to observe the appropriate play of peers
- 2. manipulative materials in which the child's error and successes are self-evident
- 4. the strengthening of a behavior by the removal of an unpleasant consequence
- 5. a consequence that would occur without a parent's or teacher's intervention
- 8. increase the behaviors that they follow and are specific to individuals
- 9. environment that supports a child's efforts to explore and discover through interactions with other individuals
- 11. something that follows a response and results in the increase of that particular response
- 12. a consequence determined by an adult that is related to the child's original inappropriate behavior
- 13. verbal gestural or physical assistance that helps the child learn a skill or participate in an activity
- 15. positioning the teacher's hand around the learner's and putting the learner through the motions required for performing a particular act
- 17. the process of sequencing developmental tasks into small, incremental steps
- 22. the extreme form of withdrawing reinforcement
- 23. the presentation of an aversive event or the removal of a positive event contingent upon a response that decreases the probability of a behaviors occurrence
- 24. a teaching strategy that directs the child's attention and energy from a behavior that is less than desirable by introducing a more appropriate behavior or activity
- 28. the concept of viewing the child in the context of his or her learning environment and the impact the arrangement and individuals in this environment have on the child's learning