Across
- 3. millions of cells generated with the same specificty
- 4. subunits conjugated with proteins, making them more immunogenic
- 5. a type of immunity that is protection from infection obtained through medical procedures
- 7. the body's ability to react to countless foreign substances
- 9. always at least one cell capable of a reaction against any antigen
- 13. group of genetically identical cells
- 15. any immunity obtained by inoculation with selected antigens
- 17. helps the t-cell receptor bind to MHC class II molecules
- 18. response is focused on a single antigen
- 20. a provoked response in correlation to antigen
- 23. structural and functional classes of immunoglobulins
- 26. special type of antibody that neutralizes bacterial exotoxins.
- 27. type of t cell providing immunity from future exposure to antigen
- 29. This occurs when an individual receives antibodies from another human or animal
- 33. antigens fill the surface receptors on virus or active site on a microbial enzyme to prevent it from attaching normally
- 35. found on cytotoxic t cells, helps with MHC class I molecules
- 38. only turned on when triggered
- 41. areas of extreme versatility from one clone to another
- 42. these cells help control the t-cell response by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines
- 43. this activation is the combination of these stimuli on the membrane receptors causes a signal to be transmitted internally to the B-cell nucleus.
- 44. encode proteins involved with the complement\system,among others 12
- 45. small foreign molecules too small b themselves to elicit an immune response
- 46. code for immune regulatory markers. these markers are found in macrophages, dendritic cells, b cells
- 49. in most immune reactions, the antigen must be formally presented to lymphocytes by
- 50. monomer in plasma;prevents adherence to epithelia
- 51. the immune system is exposed again to the same immunogen within weeks, months, or even years
- 52. earliest secretion of breast milk
- 53. molecules that can be seen and identified by the immune system
- 54. does not react with self-antigens
Down
- 1. The site on the antibody where the epitope binds
- 2. antigens that evoke allergic reactions
- 6. these receptors' major role is to receive or grasp antigens in some way
- 8. a set of genes coding for human cell markers or receptor
- 10. purifed bacterial exotoxin that has been chemically denatured
- 11. a growth factor for the t helper cells and cytotoxic t cells
- 12. pockets in the ends of the forks of the molecules that can be highly variable in shape so that they can fit a wide range of antigens
- 14. attachment of antibody to foreign cells and viruses is followed by binding of the Fc end to phagocytes
- 16. serves as antigen receptors for b cells
- 17. The mechanism by which the exactly correct B or T cell is activated by any incoming antigen
- 19. this response is during the initial exposure to an antigen the system undergoes
- 21. Immunity only required after an immunizing event (i.e an infection)
- 22. any immunity acquired through the normal biological experiences of a human being
- 24. vaccines for bacteria
- 25. the lack of response to specific antigens
- 28. code for markers that appear on all nucleated cells.They display unique characteristics of self and allow fort the recognition of self-molecules and the regulation of immune reactions.
- 30. stimulates release of histamines, attacks eosinophils
- 31. b cell membrane antigen receptor
- 32. levels of antibodies in the serum over a period of time
- 34. these T cells lead to the destruction of infected host cells as wells as other foreign cells
- 36. cell surface markers/molecules occurring in members of the species but not in others
- 37. attack foreign cells and diseased host cells
- 39. process by which any such clones are destroyed during development
- 40. antigens involved in MHC
- 44. receptors surrounding the t-cell and assisting in binding
- 47. coat the surface of a bacterium, preventing its normal function
- 48. class of antigens resulting in an excessive activation of the immune system
- 52. cluster of differentiation