Across
- 2. basic physical and functional units of heredity, made up of DNA
- 9. has five carbon atoms as sugars (a base and a sugar)
- 12. solution wherein water is the dissolving medium or solvent
- 14. molecules typically have polar groups enabling them to readily absorb or dissolve in water and polar solvents
- 15. how hot or cold something is in terms of measurment
- 17. energy-rich compound made of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
- 20. are molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface
- 23. a polymer made of saccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds, common are cellulose, starches and complex carbohydrates
- 25. a disaccharide made up of two sugars, found in milk
- 28. how nature moves energy at an extremely rapid rate
- 31. sugars sound in nucleic acids, combination of a base and a sugar called nucleoside
- 32. are made up od DNA and protein combined as chromatin
- 33. chemical bond between two chemical elements involving four bonding electrons instead of the usual two
- 35. class of single-stranded molecules transcribed from DNA in the cell nucleus (RNA)
- 36. mRNA is decoded to produce a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
- 37. complex conducting tissue dound in vascular plants
- 38. molecular compounds made from just carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- 40. acids a molecule consisting of the basic amino group
- 42. subgroup of components found in the body
- 43. an iron-containing biomolecule made up of four haem groups and globin
- 48. breaking of many of the weak linkages or bonds within the protein molecule
- 49. a complete set of proteins by a genome in a particular cell in its entire life cycle
- 53. semitransparent substance that is the main component of the exoskeletons of arthropods such as shells of crustaceans
- 55. process of generationg energy by the oxidation of nutrients, using an external electron acceptor other then oxygen
- 56. a molecule in which an enzyme acts and the enzyme catlyze chemical reactions involving the substrate
- 57. first step of gene expression, segment of DNA copied into RNA by enzyme polymerase
- 58. electronegativity of the atoms will be equal
- 60. commonly used to refer specifically to the breakdown of food and its transformation into energy
- 62. hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together, responsible for many of its properties EX.high specific heat
- 64. molecules of the same type are attracted to each other EX. water to water
- 65. nucleotide bases linked by a hydrogen bond on opposite strands of DNA or double-stranded RNA
- 68. process where cells of organisms change during developement
- 71. a salt of phosphoric acid, composed of phosphorous and oxygen
- 73. transmembrane protein in intestinal epithelial cells or enterocytes, function is to break lactose into sugars
- 74. process of duplicating an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA
- 75. a chain of amino acids bond together with peptide bonds
- 79. process of creating protein molecules
- 80. a chemical reaction where water breaks down, the opposite of condensation
- 82. type of lipid molecule, main component of the cell membrane
- 84. organisms that are capable of photosynthesis
- 86. changing atoms into charged ions
- 87. main substance that makes up the cell walls and fibre of plants
- 88. a simple sugar, is the building blocks of a more complex sugar, carbohydrate
- 91. ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent as a solute
- 92. solution unable to absorb or dissolve any more of a solute at a given temperature and pressure
- 93. enableswater to interact with various compounds ( water is a polar molecule)
- 94. sequence of three consecutive nucleotides that is part of the genetic code
- 95. lipids, hydrophobic and insoluble in water EX. testosterone, estrogen etc.
- 96. end product of glycolysis converted into acetyl coA
- 97. cycle second major step in the aerobic oxidation of glucose within living organisms
Down
- 1. a single strand of nucleotides and occurs in a variety of shapes and sizes
- 2. type of sugar inthe blood, from the foods we eat and is a source of energy for body's cells
- 3. molecule that may react chemically to another molecule of the same type to form a large molecule
- 4. the electronegativity of the atoms will be different, will not cancel out
- 5. made from monomers linked by chemical bonds
- 6. components of living cells and a source of energy in organisms
- 7. multi-branched polymer of glucose, produced in the liver and muscle cells
- 8. any attraction between two unlike molecules
- 10. process which a subsstance speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed or altered in the process
- 11. a chemical reaction, where two molecules combine to form a large molecule with the elimination of a small molecule EX. water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water
- 13. is a piece of matter that contains two or more atoms
- 16. act of moving molecules or ions across (cell membrane) or through (bloodstream), movement from one place to another
- 18. DNA is a molecule that contains the instructions an organisms needs to develope, live and reproduce
- 19. breaking down in living organisms of complex substances into simplar ones, release of energy
- 21. polymeric carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds
- 22. small molecules join to make larger ones 'building up'
- 24. a conversion that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule or ion
- 26. energy released from a substance or absorbed in the formation of a chemical component during chemical reaction
- 27. solution is more dilute than a saturated solute meaning it can absorb more substance
- 29. compound do not contain either of the two atoms (carbon and hydrogen)
- 30. a chemical bond formed between two molecule when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule
- 34. building blocks that make our genes
- 39. the capture of energy produced at one time for use at a later time
- 41. a molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
- 43. weak chemical bond between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom bond to another alectronegative bond
- 44. Four levels of sequences of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
- 45. a waxy type of lipid and fat that is insoluble in water like oil or fat
- 46. process by which green plants and other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy
- 47. the process of producing cellular energy with oxygen
- 50. building blocks of proteins
- 51. one or more long chains of repeating units called nucleotides, consist of nitrogen base attached to a sugar phosphate
- 52. energy used in active transport or diffusion and a molecule that carries energy within cells
- 54. a person's weight in kilograms divided by his or her height in meters squared
- 59. make protein for portein synthesizer
- 61. force present within the surface layer of a liquid that causes the layer to behave as an elastic sheet
- 63. one of the structural components or building blocks of DNA and RNA, consists of a base pluse a molecule of sugar and one phosphoric acid
- 66. sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal
- 67. set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells
- 69. proteins that act as catalysts within living cells
- 70. is usually present in greater amount than the solute
- 72. length of a single cycle of a wave measured from crest-to-crest
- 76. consists of propane molecule attached to three hydroxyl groups: subunit of fats, oils, and waxes
- 77. molecules do not dissolve in water
- 78. an enzyme that utilizes energy from nucleoside triphosphate in order to unwind the DNA strand into RNA
- 81. solution that is unable to absorb any more of a solute at a given tempurature and pressure
- 82. an enzyme synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids
- 83. type of homogenous mixture in which the particles of one or more substances are distributed unformly throughout another substance
- 85. simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, bonded to glucose to form disaccharide sucrose
- 89. compound will contain a carbon, hydrogen atom to form hydrocarbons
- 90. a fatty organic compound that is insoluble in polar solvents