Across
- 4. occurs when an x-ray photon ionizes water, the primary component of living cells
- 5. the total transfer of energy from the x-ray photon to patient tissues
- 7. not seen in the irradiated person but are passed on to future generations; Radiation injuries that produce changes in genetic cells and do not affect the health of the exposed individual. Affect the health of the offspring; cannot be repaired.
- 13. seen in a person who has been irradiated; radiation injuries that produce changes in somatic cells and produce poor health in the irradiated individual including the induction of cataracts and cancer (leukemia); not transmitted to future generations
- 15. rate at which exposure to radiation occurs and absorption takes place (dose rate =dose/time)
- 17. is used to correlate the “response,” or damage, of tissues with the “dose,” or amount, of radiation received.
- 18. the time that elapses between exposure to ionizing radiation and the appearance of observable clinical signs
- 20. radiation injury that suggests that x-ray photons are absorbed within the cell and cause the formation of toxins, which in turn damage the cell.
- 21. when x-rays strike patient tissues; produced through the photoelectric effect or Compton scatter and results in the formation of a positive atom and a dislodged negative electron.
Down
- 1. Effects that appear after years, decades, or generations; associated with small amounts of radiation absorbed repeatedly over a long period
- 2. the effects of radiation exposure are additive, and unrepaired damage accumulates in the tissues; repeated exposure can lead to health problems
- 3. (deterministic effects) Occur only after a threshold of exposure has been exceeded. The severity of deterministic effects increases as the dose of exposure increases; caused by significant cell damage (lethal DNA damage) or cell death
- 6. a cell that is sensitive to radiation
- 8. Quantity of radiation received, or total amount of radiation energy absorbed; More damage occurs when tissues absorb large quantities of radiation
- 9. after the latent period, effects seen within minutes, days, or weeks; associated with large amounts of radiation absorbed in a short time
- 10. a variety of cellular injuries may result, including cell death, changes in cell function breaking or clumping of chromosomes, formation of giant cells, cessation of mitotic activity, and abnormal mitotic activity
- 11. last event in the sequence of radiation injury
- 12. a cell that is resistant to radiation
- 14. a short-term effect and includes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, and hemorrhage; not applicable to dentistry
- 16. radiation injury that suggests that cell damage results when ionizing radiation directly hits critical areas, or targets, within the cell.
- 19. occur as a result of the effect of ionizing radiation on chromosomes that result in genetic mutations; the probability of occurrence increases with increasing absorbed dose; do not have a dose threshold