Across
- 4. Freud’s theory of development that outlines the process by which energy is expressed through different erogenous parts of the body during different stages of development
- 5. concept in Piaget’s cognitive theory as one of two processes people use to learn and incorporate new information.
- 9. plan, scheme, or framework that helps make an organizational pattern from which to operate; in Piaget’s theory, cognitive schemas are used for thinking.
- 11. A concept in Piaget’s cognitive theory as one of two processes people use to learn and incorporate new information
- 13. The term in Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory that defines which children can learn.
- 15. Not conscious, without awareness, occurring below the level of conscious thought.
- 16. Maslow’s theory that describes the conditions for health and well-being in a pyramid of human needs
- 20. The set of principles set forth by Abraham Maslow for a person’s wellness or ability to be the most that a person can be; the state of being that results from having met all the basic and growth needs.
- 23. Bandura’s theory about learning that emphasizes the cognitive processes of observational learning.
- 25. The sociocultural dimension of being female or male that includes identity and appropriate roles
- 26. The discipline that blends neuroscience, psychology, cognitive science, and education to apply knowledge of brain function with new ways of learning and teaching.
- 28. The argument regarding human development that centers around two opposing viewpoints
- 30. A form of learning in which an organism’s behavior is shaped by what is reinforced.
- 32. The sense of self that develops and grows more complex over a lifetime.
- 33. The field of cognitive study that involves the brain, neural anatomy of the body, and the functions of the brain that affect development
Down
- 1. The orderly set of changes in the life span that occurs as individuals move from conception to death
- 2. Vygotsky’s term for guidance, assistance, or cognitive structures that help a child learn.
- 3. The relational bond that connects a child to another important person; feelings and behaviors of devotion or positive connection.
- 6. The acquisition of skills and behaviors by observing others.
- 7. psychological issues that deal with how people relate to others and the problems that arise on a social level
- 8. group of general principles, ideas, or proposed explanations for explaining some kind of phenomenon
- 10. To balance equally; in Piaget’s theory, the thinking process by which a person “makes sense” and puts into balance new information with what is already known.
- 12. A form of learning in which an organism’s behavior is shaped by what is reinforced.
- 14. A form of learning in which one stimulus is repeatedly paired with another so that the second one brings forth a response.
- 17. A theory of intelligence, proposed by Howard Gardner, that outlines several different kinds of intelligence, rather than the notion of intelligence as measured by standardized testing, such as the IQ.
- 18. tentative theory or assumption made to draw inferences or test conclusions
- 19. A process by which the brain reacts to perceived threat
- 21. Aspects of theory or development that refer to the social and cultural issues; key descriptor of Vygotsky’s theory of development.
- 22. The kind of psychological learning, first characterized in the behaviorist theory of Pavlov, that takes place when pairing something that rousts or incites an activity with the activity itself in a way that the stimulus (such as a bell) will trigger a response (such as salivating in anticipation of food that usually arrives after the bell is sounded
- 24. process of growth whereby a body matures regardless of, and relatively independent of, intervention such as exercise, experience, or environment.
- 27. The process of learning the rules and behaviors expected when in situations with others.
- 29. A term coined by Ramirez and Casteneda to describe a set of experiences and environments that promote children’s ability to use more than one mode of thinking or linguistic system
- 31. The part of behaviorist theory, first coined by Bandura, that describes learning through observing and imitating an example. The model observed can be real, filmed, or animated; and the child mimics in order to acquire the behavior.