Across
- 2. pigment carrying granules that produce melanin
- 5. another name for a stratum corneum cell; hardened, waterproof keratinocytes lacking nuclei
- 9. matrix of lipid substances between corneum cells that protect from water loss and irritation
- 10. also known as adipose tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis
- 12. cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer
- 19. fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; found in the reticular layer of the dermis
- 21. capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger; distended blood vessels; commonly called couperose skin
- 22. granules of epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins
- 23. layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum layer containing desmosomes, the intercellular connections made of proteins
- 25. glands that are coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm (axillary) and genital areas
- 29. cells that stimulate cells, collagen, and amino acids that form proteins
- 33. fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of skin, hair, and nails; provides resiliency and protection
- 35. chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing, telangiectasis, and in some cases, the formation of papules and pustules
- 36. immune cells that guard the immune system; senses unrecognized foreign invaders such as bacteria, then process these antigens for removal through the lymph system
- 37. clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum; thickest on the palms of hands and soles of feet
- 39. sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin's surface through pores; not attached to hair follicles; secretions do not produce an offensive odor
- 41. also known as basal cell layer; active layer of the epidermis above the papillary of the dermis in which mitosis takes place
Down
- 1. a water-binding substance such as a polysaccharide (protein and complex sugar) found between the fibers of the dermis
- 3. top layer of the dermis next to the epidermis
- 4. epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins
- 5. glycolipid materials that are a natural part of the skin's intercellular matrix and barrier function
- 6. deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous glands, and nerve endings
- 7. a type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color
- 8. tube-like openings for sweat glands on the epidermis
- 11. outermost layer of skin; a thin protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings
- 13. also known are the cutis; support layer of connective tissue, collagen, and elastin below the epidermis
- 14. the enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin
- 15. glands that excrete perspiration
- 16. white blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites; these white blood cells also respond to allergies
- 17. caused by an elevation in blood sugar, glycation is the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures. Alters protein structures and decreases biological activity
- 18. membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis; contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through the capillaries
- 20. these vessels located in the dermis supply nourishment within the skin and remove waste
- 23. adipose tissue located beneath the dermis; a protective cushion and energy storage for the body
- 24. tiny grains of pigment produced by melanocytes and are deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum and the papillary layers of the dermis
- 26. a type of melanin that is red and yellow in color
- 27. material secreted by the sebaceous glands in order to provide protection and lubrication for the epidermis and hair shaft
- 28. layer of epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules; replaces cells shed from stratum corneum
- 30. this film made of oil-water helps to protect the skin's surface
- 31. outermost layer of the epidermis; composed of corneocytes
- 32. tube-like openings in the epidermis containing the hair root, bulb, and papillae.
- 34. the structures that assist in holding cells together; intercellular connections made of proteins
- 38. glands that secrete sebum; appendages attached to follicles
- 40. protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity and firmness