Across
- 1. Heuristic, Judging the likelihood of an event based on how well the events match your prototypes--- what you think is representative of the category.
- 3. Heuristic, Judging the likelihood of an event based on what is available in your memory, assuming those easily remembered events are common.
- 5. Deficiency, Students learn problem-solving strategies, but do not apply them when they could or should.
- 7. Strategy, Heuristic in which you start with the goal and move backward to solve the problem.
- 11. Influence of previously learned material on new material; the productive (not reproductive) uses of cognitive tools and motivations.
- 15. Solving, Creating new solutions for problems.
- 16. Map, A drawing that charts the relationships among ideas.
- 18. analysis, Heuristic in which a goal is divided into subgoals.
- 19. Bias, Seeking information that confirms our choices and beliefs, while ignoring disconfirming evidence.
- 21. Control Processes, Processes such as selective attention, rehearsal, elaboration, and organization that influence encoding, storage, and retrieval of information in memory.
- 23. Step-by-step procedure for solving a problem; prescription for solutions.
- 25. A strategy to guide reading and inquiry: Before--- What do I already know? What do I want to know? After--- What have I learned?
- 27. The process of debating a claim with someone else.
- 29. Problem Solving, Recognizing a problem as a "disguised" version of an old problem for which one already has a solution.
- 30. Knowledge about our own thinking processes.
Down
- 2. Cognition, Theory stating that cognitive processes develop from real-time, goal-directed interactions between humans and their environment.
- 4. Strategies, A special kind of procedural knowledge--- knowing how to approach learning tasks.
- 6. Practicing a skill past the point of mastery.
- 8. A strategy that can be used in reading literature: Characters, Aim of story, Problem, Solution.
- 9. Thinking,Heuristic in which one limits the search for solutions to situations that are similar to the one at hand.
- 10. Thinking, Evaluating conclusions by logically and systematically examining the problem, the evidence, and the solution.
- 12. Fixedness, Inability in use objects or tools in a new way.
- 13. Practice/ Testing Effect, Practicingby retrieving information from memory instead of rereading or restudying--- more effective because retrieval seems to help memories consolidate in the brain and strengths the neural pathways so the knowledge is easier to find later.
- 14. General strategy used in attempting to solve problems.
- 17. Any situation in which you are trying to reach some goal and must find a means to do so.
- 20. Perseverance, The tendency to hold on to beliefs, even in the face of contradictory evidence.
- 22. for concept mapping developed by the Institute for Human and Machine Cognition that are connected to many knowledge maps and other resources on the Internet.
- 24. A five-step reading strategy: Review headings; Examine boldface words; Ask, "What do I expect to learn?"; Do it--- Read; Summarize in your own words.
- 26. Putting your problem-solving plan and its logic into words.
- 28. Set, Rigidity; the tendency to respond in the most familiar way.