Across
- 4. Molecule with a partial charge due to sharing electrons unequally
- 9. When an electron pair is shared by two atoms
- 10. massless packet of energy, which behaves like both a wave and a particle
- 13. Substances initially present in a chemical reaction
- 14. energy required for a reaction to occur and can be lowered by a catalyst
- 15. the central part of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons. Plural=nuclei
- 17. the pressure exerted by a certain gas in a mixture
- 18. strong type of intermolecular dipole-dipole attraction. Occurs between hydrogen and F, O or N
- 22. The study of the relationships between amounts of products and reactants
- 24. The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom
- 26. common units for measuring pressure
- 28. intermolecular forces that exist between polar molecules. Active only when the molecules are close together. The strengths of intermolecular attractions increase when polarity increases
- 30. In Lewis structures, the goal is to make almost all atoms have this structure. This means they will have access to (8) electrons regularly, even if they do have to share some of them
- 31. number representing the number of molecules in (1) mole: 6.02 * 10 to the 23 power
- 32. when substances combine with oxygen and release energy
- 34. Particle found in a nucleus with a positive charge. Number of these gives the atomic number
- 36. Solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Plasma is a "soup" of disassociated nuclei and electrons, normally found only in stellar objects
- 38. type of reaction where a single element breaks a part a compound to form a new single element and compound
- 39. the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
- 40. The study of temperature, pressure, volume and energy flow in chemical reactions
- 42. The SI unit of temperature. It is temperature in degrees Celsius plus 273.15
- 45. Substance containing an element which decays
- 46. value that expresses how far the reaction proceeds before reaching equilibrium. A small number means that equilibrium is towards the reactants side while a large number means that the equilibrium is towards the product side
- 47. The relative size of two quantities expressed as the quotient of one divided by the other; a:b or a/b
- 48. complete range of wavelengths which light can have. These include infrared, ultraviolet and all other types of radiation as well as visible light
- 50. an object that does not have a positive or negative charge
- 51. change of an element into a different element, usually with some other particle(s) of energy emitted
- 52. Standard Temperature and Pressure. 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atm
- 55. the amount of time it takes for half an initial amount to disintegrate
- 56. Set of numbers used to completely describe an electron
- 61. compound that gives off H+ ions in solution
- 62. grouping of the known elements by their number of protons. There are many other trends such as size of elements and electronegativity that are easily expressed in terms of the periodic table
- 63. shape of a molecule, based on the relative position of the atoms
- 64. shows the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule
- 66. properties of a solution that depend only on the number of particles dissolved in it, not the properties of the particles themselves. The main ones are boiling point elevation and freezing point depression.
- 67. On a periodic curve, the length between two consecutive troughs (low points) or peaks (high points)
- 68. measures the acidity of a solution. It is the negative log of the concentration of the hydrogen ions in a substance
- 69. The process used to take a solution of unknown concentration with a solution of a known concentration for the purpose of finding out more about the unknown solution
- 71. the number of moles of solute (the material dissolved) per liter of solution. used to express the concentration of a solution
- 74. when an atom is bonded to another atom by two sets of electron pairs
- 76. type of reaction that breaks down the reactant into 2 or more products
- 77. process that gives off heat to the environment
- 79. the combined mass (as given on the periodic table) of all the elements in a compound
- 82. Substances capable of donating hydrogen but do not completely ionize in solution
- 85. more solute can be added and it will dissolve
- 86. processes or events that have altered the fundamental structure of something
- 88. a collection of 6.022 * 10 to the 23 power number of objects. Usually used to mean molecules
- 89. removing or adding electrons to an atom creates an ... (a charged object very similar to an attom)
- 90. measure of the disorder of a system
- 91. when the reactants and products are in a constant ratio. The forward reaction and the reverse reactions occur at the same rate when a system is in this state
Down
- 1. energy required to remove an electron from a specific atom
- 2. He made significant contributions to the atom. He understood the line spectra--the reason why only certain wavelengths are emitted when atoms jump down levels
- 3. two or more atoms joined together chemically, with covalent or ionic bonds
- 5. The amount of heat it takes for a substance to be raised by one degree Celsius
- 6. have properties of both metals and nonmetals
- 7. breaking down of a compound into its components to form ions from an ionic substance
- 8. Measures the size of an object using length measurements in three dimensions
- 10. The compounds that are formed when a reaction goes to completion
- 11. two or more atoms chemically combined
- 12. describes an object's ability to repel or attract other objects. Protons have a positive ...while electrons have a negative... Like ...repel each other, while opposites attract.
- 16. elements with the same number of protons but have different numbers of neutrons, and thus different masses
- 19. forces between molecules
- 20. the amount of a substance in a specified space
- 21. on the left of the periodic table, good conductors, high melting points, and malleable
- 23. the principle states that it is not possible to know a particle's location and momentum precisely at any time
- 25. measure of a substance's ability to attract electrons
- 27. Measures the basicity of a solution. It is the negative log of the concentration of the hydroxide ions
- 29. an energy state in the atomic model which describes where an element’s electron will likely be (s, p, d, f)
- 33. Ionic compounds that can be formed by replacing one or more of the hydrogen ions of an acid with another positive ion
- 35. Mixture of a solid and a liquid where the solid never settles out, for example, saltwater
- 37. mass per unit volume of a substance
- 41. formula showing the simplest ratio of elements in a compound
- 43. states that a system at equilibrium will oppose any change in the equilibrium conditions
- 44. use this law to calculate the number of moles or mass of a gas at certain temperatures, pressures, and volumes
- 49. The number related to the amount of energy an electron has and therefore describing which shell the electron is in
- 53. that absorbs heat from its surroundings as the reaction proceeds
- 54. substances that speed up a chemical process by lowering the activation energy
- 57. Energy in the form of photons
- 58. a particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It is almost identical in mass to a proton, but carries no electrical charge
- 59. tells you the amounts of each element in a compound based on percentages
- 60. when two atoms share at least one pair of electrons
- 65. weakest type for nuclear radiation and resembles a helium nucleus
- 70. Liquid in which something is dissolved, for example the water in saltwater
- 72. substance consisting of only one type of atom
- 73. number of protons in an element
- 75. number of events in a given unit of time. When describing a moving wave, means the number of peaks which would pass a stationary point in a given amount of time
- 78. when two oppositely charged atoms transfer electrons to form this type of bond
- 80. ions with a negative charge
- 81. The substance (solid, liquid or gas) dissolved in a solution, for example, the salt in saltwater
- 83. ion with positive charge
- 84. substance which gives off hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution
- 87. the smallest object that retains properties of an element