Across
- 1. a mixture whose composition is not uniform throughout
- 9. the theory of matter with 5 points
- 10. a property of a substance that characterizes the substance without the substance undergoing a chemical reaction
- 13. the method of making observations, proposing theories, and testing those theories through experimentation
- 15. horizontal rows on the periodic table; these elements typically have the same number of electron shells
- 17. Any elements in groups IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA, and VIIIA of the periodic table
- 19. the experimental investigation and explanation of natural phenomena
- 23. an ion with a positive charge
- 24. a general name for any element in group IA; the most reactive metals that have only 1 valence electron
- 25. a change from the solid state directly to the gas state
- 26. a starting material for a chemical reaction
- 27. the process in which a substance changes from the solid state to the liquid state
- 29. a mixture whose composition is uniform throughout; a solution
- 30. a subatomic particle that has a mass approximately equal to that of the hydrogen atom, carries an electrical charge of +1, and is located in the nucleus of an atom
- 32. a property of a substance that can be studied only by having the substance undergo a chemical change; a property that determines the chemical reactions the substance can undergo
- 35. a verbal description or physical construction used to visualize something a theory describes
- 37. the application to practical problems of knowledge gained by doing science
- 40. a general name for any element in group IIA
- 41. matter with constant composition that consists of just one element or compound in just one chemical form
- 43. elements 58-71 on the periodic table, a.k.a. rare earth metals
- 44. a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
- 45. an ion that has a negative charge
- 47. an element whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and those of nonmetals; typically the physical properties of metals and chemical properties of nonmetals
- 49. a homogeneous mixture of a solute or solutes dissolved in a solvent
- 50. a unit of concentration for solutions, used most frequently for solutions made up of a solid solute dissolved in a liquid solvent (grams solute/grams solution)x100
- 51. anything that has mass and takes up space
- 52. the smallest unit of an element that has the properties of that element
- 53. elements spaced at periodic intervals based on atomic number have similar chemical properties
- 59. the physical states in which matter can occur: solid, liquid, & gas
- 60. a combination of element symbols and numbers that gives the exact composition and makeup of a pure substance
- 62. a general name for any group VIIA element; the most reactive nonmetals that are missing 1 valence electron
- 65. the tiny, positively charged core of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons
- 67. a process under which a pure substance becomes a different substance or substances
- 68. any element in groups IB through VIIIB of the periodic table
- 69. a general name for any element in group VIA
- 70. a change in a pure substance that leaves it as the same substance but in a different physical state
Down
- 2. matter that consists of two or more substances in variable amounts
- 3. a procedure carried out to study a phenomenon or to test a theory
- 4. a subatomic particle that has a mass approximately equal to that of the hydrogen atom, carries zero electrical charge, and is located in the nucleus of an atom
- 5. the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
- 6. a strong preference or inclination that inhibits impartial judgement
- 7. no matter is ever created or destroyed in any chemical reaction
- 8. the amounts of the elements in a compound are determined by the identity of the compound
- 11. a table of the elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number
- 12. the process in which a substance changes from the liquid state to the solid state
- 14. a pure substance composed of two or more atoms of different elements
- 16. another term for chemical reaction
- 18. a unitless number expressing the mass of a particular atom relative to the mass of an atom of carbon-12, which is arbitrarily assigned a mass of exactly 12
- 20. a process in which one or more reactants are transformed into one or more products through the breaking of chemical bonds in the reactant molecules and the formation of new chemical bonds in the product molecules
- 21. the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from the outermost shell of a neutral atom
- 22. elements with atomic numbers 90 through 103
- 28. another name for chemical periodicity
- 31. a pure substance composed of atoms of a single element
- 33. an element that tends to lose one or more valence elections in chemical reactions
- 34. a substance produced in the course of a chemical reaction by the transformation of one or more reactants
- 36. a subatomic particle that has a mass 1/1836 that of a Hydrogen atom, carries an electric charge of -1, and moves about at high velocity around the nucleus of an atom
- 38. any element in group VIIIA of the periodic table
- 39. a column of the periodic table; these elements have similar valence electron configurations
- 42. a change from the gas phase to the liquid phase
- 46. exactly one-twelfth the mass of a Carbon-12 atom and equal to 1.66054x10^-24 grams, a.k.a. dalton
- 48. any atom or group of atoms carrying either a net negative or a net positive electrical charge
- 54. an element that tends to gain one or more valence electrons in a chemical reaction
- 55. an electron in the outermost shell of an atom
- 56. a change from the liquid phase to the gas phase
- 57. a helium nucleus ejected from some radioactive nuclei during a process known as alpha decay
- 58. elements arranged on his version of the periodic table have properties similar to those of the elements eight positions to the left and eight positions to the right, a.k.a. the law of octaves
- 60. the branch of science that studies matter and the changes it undergoes
- 61. the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
- 63. different forms of an element having the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
- 64. a tentative explanation for a set of observations
- 66. a statement that describes the way things are consistently observed to behave under a given set of circumstances