Criminal Process

2. evidence is so distant from initial illegality that poisonous tree no longer infects the evidence
3. requires reasonable suspicion that suspect has a weapon
6. direct questioning or words that a reasonable officer would anticipate were likely to elicit an incriminating response
7. police in lawful vantage point to see illegality that is readily apparent, and they have lawful access to the illegality
9. warrant exception mnemonic
11. must be based on probable cause, describe with particularity the thing to be seized or searched, and be issued by neutral and detached magistrate
12. right to this if defendant is subject to a penalty of more than 6 months confinement
14. imminent flight, destruction of evidence, danger to others; for example
16. search of arrestee and area within immediate control (abbrev.)
18. must be ambiguous and unequivocal
20. facts and circumstances that lead a reasonable officer to conclude that an individual committed a crime or that specific items related to criminal activity can be found at a particular location
22. prosecution for the same charge by the same sovereign after a ruling on the merits
24. subjective expectation of privacy that is objectively reasonable (abbrev.)
25. arrest for this requires it to occur in officer's presence, or a warrant

1. coercion makes this involuntary
4. cannot be unnecessarily suggestive and conducive to irreparable mistaken identification
5. seeking evidence by physically trespassing or intruding on reasonable expectation of privacy
8. type of tip that can establish probable cause if it contains specific details and is confirmed by independent police investigation
10. defendant has ownership or possessory interest in place searched or item seized, or is a social guest in someone else's residence
13. brief stop and question of suspect if police reasonably believe that criminal activity may be afoot
15. must be voluntary and intelligent
17. arises upon custodial interrogation
18. tainted evidence may still be used for this purpose
19. reasonable person would believe they are not free to leave
21. meaningful interference with possessory interest
23. type of search that may be done without any cause