Across
- 2. exercise A type of exercise in which a machine is used to control the speed of contraction within the range of motion.
- 4. The process of restor-ing function through programmed exercise, to enable a return to competition.
- 6. resistance exercise A type of training in which muscles are worked until they reach their capacity; once the athlete is able to main-tain that capacity, the workload on the muscle is increased to further build strength and endurance.
- 10. conditioning A program, beginning six to eight weeks prior to sports participation, that allows the body to gradually adapt to the demands to be placed on it.
- 12. exercise An activity that causes tension in the muscle to increase but does not cause the muscle to shorten.
- 15. An increase in the size of muscle tissue.
- 16. The ability of a joint to move freely through its full range of motion.
- 17. The ability of particular muscle groups to respond to targeted training, so that increased strength is gained in that muscle group only.
- 18. stretching A gradual, slow stretching of the mus-cle through the entire range of motion, then holding the position for 20 to 30 seconds.
- 19. The process of muscle atrophy due to disuse, immobilization, or star-vation; leads to decreased strength and muscle mass.
- 21. training The use of 6 to 10 strength exercises completed one right after another; each exercise is done by performing a specific number of repetitions or for a specific period of time before moving to the next exercise.
- 22. fiber Fiber in a motor unit that requires a long period of time to gen-erate force; these fibers are resistant to fatigue.
Down
- 1. Trying to prevent inju-ries before they occur, through a preventative management program.
- 3. unit A motor nerve plus all the muscle fibers it stimulates.
- 5. The systematic appli-cation of exercise stress sufficient to stim-ulate muscle fatigue, but not so severe that breakdown and injury occur.
- 7. Weakness and wasting away of muscle tissue.
- 8. neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) A combined relaxing and contracting of the muscles; an initial iso-metric contraction against maximum resis-tance is held at the end of the range of motion, followed by relaxation and passive stretching.
- 9. (isotonic) exercise An activity that causes the muscle to contract and shorten.
- 11. Moving the joints beyond the normal range of motion.
- 13. conditioning An activity that puts an increased demand on the lungs, heart, and other body systems; also known as aerobic or endurance training.
- 14. stretching A rhythmical, bouncing action that stretches the muscles a little further each time. Once a pop-ular technique, this form of stretching is rarely used today. Especially when the muscles are cold, ballistic stretching was responsible for increased injuries.
- 16. fiber Fiber in a motor unit that produces quick and forceful contrac-tions; these fibers are easily fatigued.
- 20. Progressive overwork of muscles, at a con-trolled, increased rate, to achieve consistent gains in strength.