Across
- 1. Radiolucent band that runs inferior to the mylohyoid line and apices of the molars.
- 3. Structure that appears as a radiolucent area superior to the apices of the maxillary premolars and molars.
- 9. The transformer that heats the Tungsten filament to form an electron cloud.
- 11. Special imaging technique where the lateral view of the skull is exposed to evaluate trauma and facial growth.
- 12. Fastest film speed.
- 13. The most common extraoral image.
- 17. Film badge that measures exposure to radiation.
- 18. A fuzzy or blurred area around an image.
- 20. The transformer that increases voltage to propel electrons toward the tungsten target in the x-ray tube.
- 21. The type of radiation filtration provided by the glass window of the x-ray tube, the insulating oil, and the tubehead seal.
- 23. The floor of this structure is formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones.
- 28. A radiopaque triangular projection usually superimposed over the maxillary tuberosity that is located on the anterior portion of the ramus.
- 29. Image that captures the bone surrounding the teeth, floor of the mouth, sialolith, supernumerary teeth and is useful when a patient has a limited jaw opening.
- 31. This can occur if there target to film distance or the object to film distance is increased.
- 33. These are located in the tubehead to increase or decrease voltage.
- 35. How fast do x-rays travel?
- 37. Fill in the Blank: Anterior teeth that appear blurred and narrow on a panoramic image are due to the patient being too far _______ in the focal trough.
- 39. Speed of the wave.
- 40. A dense radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the molar region and is toward the apices of the teeth.
- 42. Special imaging that detects salivary stones and other blockages.
- 43. Image that captures the crown, CEJ, root, and surrounding areas and is used mainly to diagnose periodontal disease, pathology, endodontic therapy, and implants.
- 44. With this size of bitewing film there is only one image taken on each side.
- 45. Special imaging technique that evaluates the posterior portion of the mandible or lateral areas that are too large to capture for periapical films.
- 48. Collimation reduces tissue exposure by 60%.
- 50. Rare earth intensifying screens emit what color of light?
- 51. Image that captures crowns, contacts, and the height of alveolar bone and is used mainly for diagnosis of interproximal dental caries.
- 54. Slowest film speed.
- 57. Fill in the Blank: An xray machine with a kVp _________ 70 requires 2.5mm thickness of added filtration.
- 58. An imaginary plane that passess from top of the ear canal and the bottom of the eye socket.
- 59. Free radical formation is caused by the ionization of what compound in cells?
- 63. What canal of the mandible houses the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels?
- 65. Fill in the Blank: Shorter wavelength leads to more penetrating power and a ___________quality beam.
- 67. This protects the patient’s thyroid gland during an x-ray exposure.
- 69. The number of waves that pass a given point per unit of time.
- 70. How many feet away from the tubehead should the radiographer stand during exposure?
- 71. The Inverted Y is formed by the anterior border of the maxillary sinus and the lateral wall of what other structure?
- 72. Structure that appears as a small, ovoid or round radiolucent area in the apical region of the mandibular premolars.
- 78. What is the MPD for an occupational person in rem?
- 82. The exit for the incisive blood vessel branches.
- 83. Fill in the Blank: The high voltage circuit ___________ the electrons from the cathode to the anode in the xray tube.
- 85. Occurs in a nonlinear, threshold dose-response.
- 87. Horseshoe shaped bone that lies below the mandible, between the chin and the thyroid cartilage and is supported by ligaments and muscles located inferior to the mandible.
- 88. A dense and thick U-shaped radiopaque band superior to the molar apices.
- 89. Structure that appears as a horizontal radiopaque band superior to the apices of the maxillary teeth.
- 90. The part of the xray unit that contains the tungsten target and copper stem.
- 91. The total energy contained by the x-ray beam.
- 92. Can be referred to as the amount of darkness on a radiograph.
- 93. Low doses of radiation received over a long period of time may result in what disease?
- 94. Radiation moving in a wave-like pattern.
Down
- 2. These appear as two small round radiolucencies located superior to the apices of the maxillary central incisors.
- 4. The type of radiation filtration provided by the aluminum disk.
- 5. A small, tongue-shaped projection of bone seen adjacent to the mandibular foramen.
- 6. What type of charge do x-rays have?
- 7. Fluorescent materials that coat intensifying screens and convert photon energy to visible light.
- 8. What component of film determines its speed?
- 10. This is used to stabilize the receptor in the mouth and to reduce movement along with helping to properly position film and the PID.
- 14. For the maxillary occlusal technique the central rays are directed through what body part?
- 15. This is caused by the ionization of water in cells.
- 16. Another name for the nonstochastic effect.
- 19. A radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible and appears at the level of the crowns.
- 22. Scale of image contrast that is good for caries detection.
- 23. What characteristic of electrons does the milliamperage determine?
- 24. The rule that two triangles are equal when they share one complete side which is the basis for the bisecting technique.
- 25. The radiographer should be at at least how many degrees of an angle from the tubehead during exposure?
- 26. 5 rem/year (5000mrem) or 0.05 Sv/year (50mSv) is the MPD of radiation exposure in what setting?
- 27. A thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors.
- 30. The thickness of aluminum filters that reduces the intensity of the beam by half.
- 32. For the mandibular occlusal technique the central rays are directed through what body part?
- 34. The distance between two adjacent wave crests.
- 36. What color are calcium tungstate intensifying screens?
- 38. Four bony spines used for muscle attachment of the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles that appear as circular radiopacities inferior to the central incisor apices.
- 41. The difference between the lighter and darker shade of grays on a radiograph.
- 42. The capacity to produce details and distinct outlines on an image.
- 46. A thick radiopaque band that extends from the premolar region to the incisor region and often appears superimposed over the mandibular anterior teeth.
- 47. Structure that appears as a bony, rounded, radiopaque projection extending from the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible
- 49. The hamular process is a projection from what part of the sphenoid bone?
- 52. The nasopalatine nerve exits the skull through which foramen?
- 53. A radiolucent area above the mental ridge.
- 55. Creates a low voltage circuit to the tungsten filament of the x-ray tube.
- 56. 0.5rem/year (500mrem) or 0.005 Sv/year (5mSv) is the MPD of radiation exposure for what setting?
- 60. The dosimeter should be worn at what part of the body?
- 61. Period of time from exposure until the image is visible.
- 62. A metal barrier with an opening in the middle that restricts the size and shape of the x-ray beam.
- 64. Blood vessels and nerves enter the maxilla near this process and supply the posterior teeth.
- 66. A V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum.
- 68. Increasing the mA on an x-ray machine increases what aspect of the cathode filament?
- 73. Structure that appears as a small radiolucent dot surrounded by a radiopaque ring located inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors.
- 74. The majority of radiation produced in an x-ray tube.
- 75. Occurs in a linear, non-threshold dose response.
- 76. Fill in the Blank: The pulp cavity in children is generally ____________ than in adults.
- 77. The area that the panoramic image is focused on.
- 79. This protects the patient’s reproductive organs and blood forming tissues during an x-ray.
- 80. What is the MPD for a non-occupational person in mSv per year?
- 81. Fill in the Blank: The longer the exposure time the more x-rays and more ________ the x-ray beam.
- 84. All or none effects of radiation that a person either has or does not have.
- 86. Contrast is dependent on this modifiable factor of an xray machine.