Across
- 5. aspiration and need to protect airway; structural abnormalities
- 7. ms, hnc, stroke, als, neurological/neurogenic diseases
- 11. what you stimulate in TTS with a chilled stimulator
- 15. for radiation-associated dysphagia; uses techniques incl. stretching, tissue mobilization, and joint manipulation
- 16. primarily HNC, has been shown to prevent contractile tension from scars, increase tissue and m. extensibility
- 17. to reduce the delay in the initiation of swallowing, primarily the pharyngeal phase; increase swallow speed and oral awareness
- 18. mechanically altered: cohesive, moist, semisolid foods; requires chewing ability
- 19. drink water between meals with thorough oral care; reduces risk of asp
- 20. regular: all foods allowed
Down
- 1. poor vocal quality, coughing, throat clearing, and/or multiple number of swallows
- 2. pureed: homogeneous, very cohesive, puddinglike; requires bolus control, no chewing required
- 3. neurological disorders (e.g., stroke, paralysis), and oropharyngeal cancers
- 4. help the swallow reflex and mvmt by stimulating oral cavity
- 6. each sip or bite is followed by a dry swallow to clear oral and pharyngeal residue to reduce likelihood of residual food particles entering airway
- 8. difficulty managing bolus due to a weak or uncoordinated tongue or a swallow reflex delay
- 9. alt btwn liquids and solids to compensate for pharyngeal weakness or poor UES; help clear food residue
- 10. generates electrical impulses to trigger m. contractions to strengthen particular muscles
- 12. neurogenic dysphagia, e.g., stroke, TBI, PD, motor neuron disease, myopathy; preterm infants (Ferrara et al., 2018)
- 13. respiratory strength training to improve swallowing function by targeting hyoid and larynx elevation and improvement in lung/pulm function
- 14. advanced: soft-solid foods that require more chewing ability