Across
- 4. waves An elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means.
- 9. the distance between two successive wave crests or troughs.
- 11. property possessed by certain rocks of breaking with relative ease along parallel planes or nearly parallel surfaces in their crystal structures where the bonds are weakest.
- 14. a volume of air defined by its temperature and water vapor content.
- 16. a term applied to large areas of basaltic lava presumably extruded from fissures.
- 17. A rocky space object that can be from a few hundred feet to several hundred km wide.
- 18. the tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place.
- 20. a sedimentary rock composed of combustible matter derived from the partial decomposition of plant material.
- 22. The movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other, thus appearing to "drift" across the ocean bed.
- 24. A zone of the earth's mantle that lies beneath the lithosphere and consists of several hundred kilometers of deformable rock.
- 28. a type of thermal spring which ejects water intermittently with considerable force.
- 30. Is the part of the earth between the core and the the crust.
- 31. The change occurs primarily due to heat, pressure, and the introduction of chemically active fluids.
- 32. it is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
- 33. weathering processes that are the result of chemical reactions. Example: the transformation of orthoclase to kaolinite.
- 35. a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration and by the decomposition of organic substances, absorbed from the air by plants in photosynthesis.
- 36. The outer part of the Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
- 39. is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet.
- 42. a supercontinent that existed from the Jurassic to Early Tertiary after splitting from Pangea.
- 43. A type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock.
- 44. The temperature at which a liquid changes to a vaporous state.
- 46. Is a hypothetical supercontinent that included all current land masses, believed to have been in existence before the continents broke apart during the Triassic and Jurassic Periods.
- 47. A smaller earthquake that occurs after a previous large earthquake, in the same area of the main shock.
- 48. Any of the almost spherical concentric regions of matter that make up the earth and its atmosphere, as the lithosphere and hydrosphere.
- 49. It is measured by assessing the patterns of variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological variables in a given region over long periods of time.
Down
- 1. a slowly moving mass of ice.
- 2. turbulent stream water flow down a steep gradient, but not as steep as in a waterfall.
- 3. the cosmic explosion that is hypothesized to have marked the origin of the universe.
- 5. a seismic body wave that involves particle motion, alternating compression and expansion, in the direction of wave propagation. It is the fastest seismic wave. compare S-wave .
- 6. a seismic body wave that involves particle motion from side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.A waves are slower than P-waves and cannot travel through a liquid.
- 7. He molten rock material that originates under the Earth's crust and forms igneous rock when it has cooled.
- 8. the vertical distance between the crest and adjacent trough of a wave.
- 10. ridge An underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics.
- 12. the dust-sized, sharp-edged, glassy particles resulting from an explosive volcanic eruption.
- 13. A caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.
- 15. energy that travels through space in the form of waves without the intervention of matter, as in the transport of heat from the Sun to the Earth.
- 19. A theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle.
- 21. The innermost part of a core, specif. a solid sphere in the middle of the fluid core such as the iron-nickel core of the Earth.
- 23. the process by which an unconsolidated deposit of sediments is converted in to solid rock.
- 25. The branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants.
- 26. A pure substance composed of two or more elements whose composition is constant.
- 27. the amount of water vapor in the air. Water vapor is the gaseous state of water and is invisible.
- 29. Pertaining to igneous rocks or features formed from lava released on the Earth's surface.
- 34. The state or quality of a material or membrane that causes it to allow liquids or gases to pass through it.
- 37. Cracks in rock are a mechanism of brittle deformation in response to stress.
- 38. The definition of air pressure is the force exerted onto a surface by the weight of the air.
- 40. a group of changes.
- 41. A segment of continental crust, usually in the interior of a continent, that has been tectonically stable for a long time commonly a billion years or longer.
- 45. a naturally occurring chemical compound.
- 47. the smallest component of an element.