Across
- 2. Force acting over a distance
- 4. At constant pressure, a change in this equals the energy flow as heat
- 8. The SI unit of measurement for energy;
- 9. Fuels that consist of carbon-based molecules derived from decomposition of once-living organisms; coal, petroleum, or natural gas
- 10. A function used to keep track of the natural tendency for the components of the universe to become disordered; a measure of disorder and randomness
- 12. This law states energy can be converted from one form to another but can not be created nor destroyed
- 13. Energy due to the motion of an object (EX: a roller coaster is moving down the hill)
- 14. Refers to a process in which energy (as heat) flows from the surroundings into the system
- 16. The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one Celsius degree
- 17. The capacity to do work or to cause the flow of heat
- 18. A type of process that occurs in nature without outside intervention (it happens “on its own”)
- 19. The flow of energy due to a temperature difference
Down
- 1. The warming effect exerted by certain molecules in the earth’s atmosphere (particularly carbon dioxide and water)
- 3. Energy due to the position or composition of matter (EX: a roller coaster is at the top of the roller coaster)
- 5. This law of thermodynamics states entropy of the universe is always increasing
- 6. The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all particles in the system
- 7. The process where energy (as heat) flows out of the system into the surroundings
- 9. This law of thermodynamics states that the energy of the universe is constant
- 11. Measure of the random motions (average kinetic energy) of the components of a substance
- 12. A device used to determine the heat associated with a chemical or physical change
- 15. Everything outside of a system
- 16. That part of the universe on which attention is being focused
- 19. This law states the change in enthalpy in going from a given set of reactants to a given set of products does not depend on the number of steps in the reaction