Across
- 4. the use of certain organisms by humans to eliminate or control pests
- 7. all the bodies of fresh water, saltwater, ice, and snow that are found above the ground
- 8. a land-use plan that attempts to protect threatened or endangered species across a given area by allowing some tradeoffs between harm to the species and additional conservation commitments among cooperating parties
- 14. a law of economics that states that as the demand for a good or service increases, the value of the good or service also increases
- 16. widespread malnutrition and starvation in an area due to a shortage of food, usually caused by a catastrophic event
- 17. energy that does not come from fossil fuels and that is still in development
- 19. the raising of crops and livestock for food or for other products that are useful to humans
- 21. pollution that comes from many sources rather than from a single specific site; an example is pollution that reaches a body of water from streets and storm sewers
- 23. the melting or fusing of ore in order to separate impurities from pure metal
- 25. a discarded solid material, such as garbage, refuse, or sludges
- 26. a liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds; used widely as a fuel source
- 33. precipitation that contains a high concentration of acids, often because of the pollution of the atmosphere
- 35. the contamination of the atmosphere by the introduction of pollutants from human and natural sources
- 38. a natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition, an orderly internal structure, and a characteristic set of physical properties
- 40. describes an area that contains a city
- 41. the illegal harvesting of fish, game, or other species
- 44. the accumulation of pollutants at successive levels of the food chain
- 46. energy from sources that are constantly being formed
- 51. a body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater
- 53. the scientific assessment, study,and management of risk; a scientific estimation of the likelihood of negative effects that may result from exposure to a specific hazard
- 55. energy electrical energy produced by the flow of water
- 57. the process by which the nucleus of a heavy atom splits into two or more fragments; the process releases neutrons and energy
- 59. the depletion of vegetation due to the continuous feeding of too many animals
- 60. a poison used to destroy pests, such as insects, rodents, or weeds; examples include insecticides, rodenticides, and herbicides
- 63. pollution that comes from a specific site
- 64. the reestablishment and development of trees in a forest land
- 65. an area in which water travels downward to become part of an aquifer
- 66. an area of land or an excavation where wastes are placed for permanent disposal
- 67. the process by which human activities or climatic changes make arid or semiarid areas more desertlike
- 68. the rapid spread of a city into adjoining suburbs and rural areas
- 69. a calculation that shows the productive area of Earth needed to support one person in a particular country
- 70. capable of being broken down by biological processes, such as the action of bacteria
- 71. the process of returning land to its original condition after mining is completed
Down
- 1. any natural material that is used by humans, such as water, petroleum, minerals,forests, and animal
- 2. the surface layer of the soil, which is usually richer in organic matter than the subsoil is
- 3. an area in which the air temperature is generally higher than the temperature of surrounding rural areas
- 5. a mining method in which ore is extracted from beneath the ground surface
- 6. the basic facilities of a country or region, such as roads, bridges, and sewers
- 9. an increase in the ratio or density of people living in urban areas rather than in rural areas
- 10. the sinking of regions of the ground surface with little or no horizontal movement
- 11. deep-well disposal of hazardous waste
- 12. wastes that are a risk to the health of humans or other living organisms
- 13. waste produced by households and businesses
- 15. the process of clearing forests
- 18. plant material, manure, or any other organic matter that is used as an energy source
- 20. any change in the design, manu-facture, purchase, or use of materials or products to reduce their amount or toxicity before they become municipal solid waste; also the reuse of products or materials
- 22. a structure that is built across a river to control a river’s flow
- 24. the energy produced by heat within Earth
- 27. describes an area of open land that is often used for farming
- 28. the process of saving energy by reducing energy use and waste
- 29. the water that is beneath the Earth’s surface
- 30. the accumulation of salts in soil
- 31. contamination of water by waste matter or other material that is harmful to organisms that are exposed to the water
- 32. countries that have been identified by the United Nations as showing the fewest signs of development in terms of income,human resources, and economic diversification
- 34. he condition in which human needs are met in such a way that a human population can survive indefinitely
- 36. oil deposits that are discovered and are in commercial production
- 37. the energy released by a fission or fusion reaction; the binding energy of the atomic nucleus
- 39. a liquid that has passed through solid waste and has extracted dissolved or suspended materials from that waste, such as pesticides in the soil
- 42. catching or removing from a population more organisms than the population can replace
- 43. the area of land that is drained by a water system
- 45. a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago;examples include oil, coal, and natural gas
- 47. the process of recovering valuable or useful materials from waste or scrap; the process of reusing some items
- 48. a process of removing salt from ocean water
- 49. a mining method in which soil and rocks are removed to reach underlying coal or minerals
- 50. an artificial body of water that usually forms behind a dam
- 52. the gathering of solar energy by collectors that are used to heat water or heat a building
- 54. water that contains wastes from homes or industry
- 56. a set of policies and activities related to potential uses of land that is put in place before an area is developed
- 58. a mineral that contains one or more elements of economic value
- 61. a disorder of nutrition that results when a person does not consume enough of each of the nutrients that are needed by the human body
- 62. a mixture of decomposing organic matter,such as manure and rotting plants, that is used as fertilizer and soil conditioner