Across
- 3. Lactate accumulation can contribute to this.
- 6. Bone responds to applied loads in a process called ___________.
- 8. The functional unit of muscle contraction.
- 10. The energy-carrying molecule needed for contraction of skeletal muscle.
- 11. This organ contracts when horses exercise, releasing many red blood cells into circulation.
- 12. A response to training that increases delivery of oxygen to working muscle.
- 13. Reducing training intensity before a major competition.
- 14. Use of a heart rate __________ can help control workload during exercise.
- 15. Energy generation using these pathways is inefficient but fast.
- 17. Phase II of a conditioning program is also known as “__________ work”.
- 19. Transmit forces generated from the muscle to the bone to elicit movement.
- 20. This increases when horses begin to exercise.
- 21. Movement happens when horses convert chemical energy into ____________ energy.
- 22. Bone-forming cells.
- 23. Working on an ___________ can increase workload on a treadmill without increasing speed.
- 24. Type I fibers are known as “________ twitch” fibers.
- 26. A _____ horse will perform the same speed at a lower heart rate than an un____ horse.
- 27. Fermentation of forage in the hindgut yields these fatty acids, which can be used as a fuel source to convert into ATP.
- 29. The storage form of glucose found in the liver and skeletal muscle.
- 31. The bronchi and lungs are parts of the __________ respiratory tract.
- 32. Range of ambient temperatures within which the horse can maintain core temperature without having to expend energy to increase or decrease core temperature.
- 33. Muscle bundles made up of muscle fibers.
- 34. The energy pathway used when horses are walking.
- 36. The amount of air inhaled or exhaled in a single breath.
- 38. This usually takes longer to return to baseline after exercise than heart rate.
- 39. Volume of workload is a function of duration, frequency, and ________.
Down
- 1. Cardiac output is a function of heart rate and this parameter.
- 2. When creating a conditioning program, you must make sure to provide for adequate ______.
- 4. This kind of training uses multiple exercise bouts separated by relatively short rest.
- 5. One of the four principles of a conditioning program.
- 7. Sweating and respiratory heat loss remove heat via ___________.
- 9. Horses can lose large amounts of this via sweating.
- 12. Putting a fan in front of a horse on a treadmill will help dissipate heat via ___________.
- 16. These vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
- 18. One reason we would perform a standardized exercise test would be to _______ fitness.
- 25. The chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
- 28. A protein in skeletal muscle that binds to oxygen.
- 30. This protein helps reduce friction from tack and aid in cooling by laying down the hair coat.
- 35. The smallest blood vessels in the circulatory system, where gas exchanges happens.
- 37. During cantering or galloping, the horse takes one __________ per stride.