Across
- 7. A response to training that increases delivery of oxygen to working muscle.
- 8. Movement happens when horses convert chemical energy into ____________ energy.
- 9. When creating a conditioning program, you must make sure to provide for adequate ______.
- 12. Fermentation of forage in the hindgut yields these fatty acids, which can be used as a fuel source to convert into ATP.
- 15. The chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
- 16. Energy generation using these pathways is inefficient but fast.
- 20. The amount of air inhaled or exhaled in a single breath.
- 21. The functional unit of muscle contraction.
- 22. During cantering or galloping, the horse takes one __________ per stride.
- 26. These vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
- 27. The smallest blood vessels in the circulatory system, where gas exchanges happens.
- 30. The bronchi and lungs are parts of the __________ respiratory tract.
- 32. This increases when horses begin to exercise.
- 34. Lactate accumulation can contribute to this.
- 36. This protein helps reduce friction from tack and aid in cooling by laying down the hair coat.
- 39. This organ contracts when horses exercise, releasing many red blood cells into circulation.
- 40. Range of ambient temperatures within which the horse can maintain core temperature without having to expend energy to increase or decrease core temperature.
Down
- 1. Bone responds to applied loads in a process called ___________.
- 2. Reducing training intensity before a major competition.
- 3. Working on an ___________ can increase workload on a treadmill without increasing speed.
- 4. Use of a heart rate __________ can help control workload during exercise.
- 5. Cardiac output is a function of heart rate and this parameter.
- 6. A _____ horse will perform the same speed at a lower heart rate than an un____ horse.
- 10. Phase II of a conditioning program is also known as “__________ work”.
- 11. The storage form of glucose found in the liver and skeletal muscle.
- 13. Volume of workload is a function of duration, frequency, and ________.
- 14. Sweating and respiratory heat loss remove heat via ___________.
- 17. This usually takes longer to return to baseline after exercise than heart rate.
- 18. Type I fibers are known as “________ twitch” fibers.
- 19. Muscle bundles made up of muscle fibers.
- 23. One of the four principles of a conditioning program.
- 24. One reason we would perform a standardized exercise test would be to _______ fitness.
- 25. Horses can lose large amounts of this via sweating.
- 28. The energy pathway used when horses are walking.
- 29. Bone-forming cells.
- 31. Transmit forces generated from the muscle to the bone to elicit movement.
- 33. The energy-carrying molecule needed for contraction of skeletal muscle.
- 35. A protein in skeletal muscle that binds to oxygen.
- 37. This kind of training uses multiple exercise bouts separated by relatively short rest.
- 38. Putting a fan in front of a horse on a treadmill will help dissipate heat via ___________.