Across
- 3. Most ____ enters the bloodstream and is activated in muscle and other tissues to be used for energy in the TCA cycle or fatty acid synthesis
- 5. Oxidation of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate results in a large increase of ___ in the liver
- 6. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase catalyzes the _____ of pyruvate to acetylcoA, a substrate in the TCA cycle
- 10. Formic acid is toxic to mitochondria in optic nerve cells, inhibiting axonal transport by inhibiting ______
- 11. Acts as a cofactor for Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
- 12. The brain cannot use _____ for energy if Vitamin B1 is depleted
- 13. Formic acid causes ______ of optic nerve cells
Down
- 1. The second step of ethanol metabolism is the oxidation and detoxification of acetaldehyde to acetate (by aldehyde dehydrogenase), which occurs in the
- 2. Is turned off due to depletion of pyruvate (shunted to lactate) and oxaloacetate (shunted to malate) because of (5 across) accumulating in the liver
- 4. Using alcohol while being malnourished can lead to
- 7. This process cannot occur without Vitamin B1. It will cause neuronal cell death (Wernicke's Encephalopathy)
- 8. Fomepizole is a competitive inhibitor of Alcohol Dehydrogenase (what is the abbreviation?), preventing toxic formic acid formation
- 9. Ethanol and methanol are metabolized into