Across
- 6. microscopic, single-celled organisms found almost everywhere, including inside and on our bodies, with most being harmless or even helpful, though a few cause disease.
- 10. the preserved remains, impressions, or traces of ancient organisms—such as bones, teeth, shells, footprints, or nests—found in geological deposits,
- 15. the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
- 18. small, simple, single-celled organisms from the domains Bacteria and Archaea that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- 19. a type of genetic drift occurring when a small, non-representative group of individuals splits off from a larger population to establish a new colony
- 20. cycle a primary, rapid method of viral reproduction where a bacteriophage hijacks a host cell's machinery to replicate its genome and synthesize proteins, assembling new virions
Down
- 1. cells a complex type of cell characterized by having a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus that houses DNA, along with specialized, membrane-bound organelles (like mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus
- 2. the evolutionary process by which a single ancestral population splits into two or more genetically distinct, reproductively isolated species
- 3. a biological process where two or more species reciprocally influence each other's evolution through close ecological interactions
- 4. a rapid, asexual reproduction process in which a single prokaryotic cell (bacteria/archaea) replicates its DNA and divides into two genetically identical daughter cells
- 5. the process by which humans breed plants or animals for specific, desirable traits, such as increased yield, disease resistance, or particular appearances
- 7. the transfer of genetic material (alleles) between separate populations, typically via migration or the movement of gametes (e.g., pollen)
- 8. a method of viral reproduction where the virus integrates its genome into the host cell's DNA, replicating without immediately killing the host
- 9. a mechanism of evolution involving random fluctuations in allele frequencies within a population over generations
- 11. the fact or process of a species, family, or other group of animals or plants becoming extinct.
- 12. a form of natural selection where individuals with certain inherited traits are more successful at obtaining mates and reproducing, even if those traits do not improve survival
- 13. reversible structural, or functional changes that cells undergo in response to environmental stimuli, stress, or injury, allowing them to survive and maintain a new, albeit altered, stable state.
- 14. reproduction a type of reproduction involving a single parent that produces genetically identical offspring (clones) without the fusion of gametes
- 16. one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome
- 17. an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.