Across
- 4. process in which a liquid is heated to a temperature that kills most bacteria
- 6. substance that causes an allergic reaction
- 12. the splitting point between two branches on a phylogenetic tree or cladogram, representing a speciation event
- 14. Diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms
- 15. step by step approach to identify an organism using a series of paired descriptions
- 17. theory that proposes eukaryotic cells evolved through a symbiotic relationship between ancient prokaryotes
- 19. extra structure/body part that is NOT needed by the organism EX: human appendix
- 20. evolutionary branch of a cladogram that includes a single ancestor and all its descendants
- 21. a protein made in response to a specific antigen that can attach to the antigen and cause it to be useless
- 22. any inherited structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to their environment and produce offspring
- 23. development of an organism between conception and birth
- 24. the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
- 25. form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water
- 27. structures that have a different structural make up but have the same function. EX: bird's wing and butterfly's wing
- 30. a very small particle, containing DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein. It attaches to living cells, hijacking their organelles to make more viruses, often causing illness.
Down
- 1. occurs when natural selection favors ONE extreme variation in a trait EX: woodpeckers eating insects deep inside a tree, only woodpeckers with extremely Long beaks will be able to access food source
- 2. a pattern of evolution in which species that were once similar to an ancestral species become increasingly distinct
- 3. individuals with either extreme of a trait are favored over average individuals
- 5. A family tree that shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms
- 7. theory that was proposed by Charles Darwin as an explanation for how change happens in a population over time
- 8. long lasting immunity that results when the body makes its own antibodies in response to a specific antigen
- 9. structures that are the same but have different functions in different species. EX: whale's fin and the human arm
- 10. immunity that results when antibodies produced in one animal are introduced into another's body; does not last as long as active immunity
- 11. a pattern of evolution in which distantly related organisms evolve similar traits, occurs when unrelated species occupy similar environments, because they face similar environmental pressures they develop similar adaptations
- 13. substance prepared from dead or weakened pathogens, or mRNA, then introduced into a body to produce immunity
- 16. disease-carrying organism, such as a rat, mosquito, or fly that spreads infectious diseases
- 18. natural selection that favors average individuals in a population. EX: Average size spiders more likely to survive than larger or smaller spiders. Large-->easily eaten by predators. Small-->cannot find food or compete for food with larger spiders
- 26. a protein ID tag on the outside of cells, often causing the production of antibodies
- 28. overly strong reaction of the immune system to a foreign substance
- 29. A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.