Across
- 2. A period of suspended growth and metabolism that allows survival under unfavorable conditions.
- 5. A cluster or arrangement of flowers on a plant’s stem.
- 7. A plant hormone that stimulates stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering.
- 9. A plant hormone that promotes cell division and delays leaf senescence.
- 10. A plant pigment protein that detects red and far-red light to regulate growth and development.
- 12. A blue-light receptor protein that mediates phototropism and other light-dependent responses.
- 16. The suppression of lateral bud growth by the actively growing shoot tip, mediated by auxin.
- 17. The haploid, gamete-producing phase in a plant’s life cycle that develops from a spore.
- 19. A structure that anchors the plant embryo and helps transfer nutrients from surrounding tissues.
- 25. A process in flowering plants where one sperm fertilizes the egg to form the zygote and another fuses with two polar nuclei to form endosperm.
- 26. A light-sensitive protein that allows organisms to detect and respond to light signals.
- 27. Growth of a plant organ toward or away from a light source.
- 28. The tip or top region of a plant organ, often where growth or differentiation begins.
- 29. Refers to movement of water and solutes through cell walls and intercellular spaces, outside cell membranes.
- 30. The stem region of a seedling located between the cotyledons and the root.
- 32. A specialized cell layer where leaves, flowers, or fruits detach from the plant.
- 33. A large spore that develops into a female gametophyte in seed plants.
- 34. A reversible resting condition in which metabolic activity is minimal but the cell or organism remains viable.
- 35. The growth phase of a plant focused on producing leaves, stems, and roots before flowering.
Down
- 1. An enzyme that transfers phosphate groups to target molecules, often regulating their activity.
- 3. A small regulatory protein that tags other proteins for degradation or signaling.
- 4. The process by which a dark-grown plant develops normal coloration and growth when exposed to light.
- 6. The light-absorbing portion of a molecule responsible for its color and light sensitivity.
- 8. The young, developing plant within a seed formed after fertilization.
- 11. A blue-light photoreceptor involved in regulating circadian rhythms and seedling development.
- 13. Refers to movement of substances from cell to cell through cytoplasmic connections called plasmodesmata.
- 14. A small spore that develops into a male gametophyte (pollen grain) in seed plants.
- 15. The bottom or base region of a plant organ, connecting it to the rest of the plant.
- 18. A plant hormone that promotes cell elongation, apical dominance, and root formation.
- 20. Undifferentiated cells that can divide to produce specialized cell types or more stem cells.
- 21. The diploid, spore-producing phase in a plant’s life cycle that develops from the fertilized egg.
- 22. Describes a plant grown in darkness, characterized by pale color and elongated, weak stems.
- 23. A gaseous plant hormone that regulates fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and stress responses.
- 24. The seed leaf in an embryo that stores or absorbs nutrients for germination.
- 31. A region of undifferentiated plant cells capable of continuous growth and division.