Across
- 2. biological catalyst used to speed up chemical reactions by lowing activation energy
- 7. Site of photosynthesis; organelle where electrons and energy are put into CO2 to yield sugars
- 9. The powerhouse of the cell; organelle where sugar and oxygen are consumed to generate energy in the form of ATP
- 11. any reaction that requires energy
- 13. energy of the university is constant; ______ Law of Thermodynamics
- 17. Vesicle of enzymes that break down biomolecules and convert toxic H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) into water
- 21. the energy required in order to “activate” the chemical reaction
- 23. any reaction that requires the input of energy
- 24. degree of disorder; unusable thermal (heat) energy
- 26. Vesicle of digestive enzymes used to break down pathogens, toxins, or old/broken molecules
- 29. jelly-like fluid containing cytosol, water, salts, organic molecules, and organelles
- 30. Rigid structure outside the cell membrane that provides support and protection; absent in animal cells
- 31. any reaction that releases energy
Down
- 1. Membranous “bubbles” that store or carry materials around the cell
- 3. ________ Inhibitors bind to somewhere else on an enzyme to reduce its efficiency
- 4. ________ Inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, blocking the substrate
- 5. the sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism
- 6. every energy transfer increases the entropy in the universe; during every energy transfer some is lost in the form of heat; ______ Law of Thermodynamics
- 8. Site of protein synthesis that is present in all cells; where RNA sequences are translated to produce the corresponding sequence of amino acids (proteins)
- 10. building up a molecule which requires energy
- 12. Free energy available to your system/chemical reaction
- 14. breaking down a molecule to release energy
- 15. ______ apparatus is complex of flattened sacs and associated vesicles that function in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids
- 16. net of protein fibers throughout the cell that support the membrane, serve as highways for vesicles and proteins, and generally hold everything in place
- 18. theory that ancient Mitochondria and Chloroplast ancestors were once free-living bacteria, but evolved to live solely within eukaryotic cells
- 19. storage organelle to hold water and other materials; In plant cells, it is much larger and helps maintain structure and internal pressure
- 20. any reaction that occurs without the input of energy
- 22. Double-membrane enclosed organelle in exclusive to eukaryotes that contains chromosomes, replicates and transcribes DNA and RNA, and synthesizes ribosomes
- 25. Phospholipid bilayer that separates a cell from its environment
- 27. reactant that the enzyme acts on
- 28. ___________ reticulum is a network of membrane-enclosed sacs that manufacture, process, and transport proteins and lipids and detoxifies molecules