Across
- 2. killer t cells, kill virus-infected or cancer cells
- 5. the term given to explain that multiple cytokines exert the same effect
- 6. the toll like receptor that recognizes peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls, especially in gram positives
- 7. person is vaccinated and has to make their own antibodies but is never truly infected with that disease
- 11. helper T cells, help other effector cells
- 15. smaller, specific peptides/molecules; activate the adaptive response
- 17. release granules that induce inflammation, aid in wound healing
- 18. immunity where a person gets infected and has to make their own antibodies
- 20. acidic pH, lysozymes, plasma proteins, lactoferrin, and antimicrobial peptides are all examples of what type of barrier
- 21. the toll like receptor that recognizes intracellular viral RNA, also recognized by TLR7 and TLR8
- 24. can phagocytose materials, release toxic granules to kill helminths
- 25. most abundant leukocyte, first responder, phagocytoses pathogens
- 28. the toll like receptor that recognizes lipopolysaccharide
- 31. phagocytosis, critical communicator with the adaptive system
- 32. autosomal recessive mutation with a severe defect in a lysosomal trafficking gene; produces large, non-functional granules; poor phagocytosis and killing of pathogens
- 38. cells eliminate the pathogen directly
- 40. skin, mucus layer, cilia, and normal flora are all examples of what type of barrier
- 41. the arm of the immune system that is more specific and evolved
- 42. person is injected with pure antibodies as a treatment
- 43. large, general molecules recognized by the innate response
Down
- 1. rare autosomal recessive disorder where neutrophils can't attach to or engage other cells
- 2. small molecules that regulate chemotaxis
- 3. promotes inflammation, activation of T cells
- 4. regulate proliferation and differentiation of leukocyte precursors
- 8. the pathway where low levels of C3b are naturally circulating in blood, and can bind to pathogens and cells; C3b forms alternative C3 convertase and activates more C3 via positive feedback
- 9. caused by mutations that affect granulocyte hematopoiesis and cell maturation, resulting in low neutrophil numbers in the blood
- 10. antibody-mediated, generated by B cells
- 12. disease can be caused by x-linked or autosomal recessive mutations, mutations in phagocyte NADPH oxidase genes, patient is not able to form a respiratory burst and have granuloma formation that protects the microbe
- 13. can kill virus-infected or cancer cells by inducing apoptosis
- 14. immunity where antibodies are directly transferred to a person (i.e. placenta or breast milk transfer)
- 16. a short, specific amino acid (or other molecular) sequence from an antigen
- 19. the toll like receptor that recognizes unmethylated CpG DNA motifs
- 22. small, soluble proteins secreted by cells to communicate to nearby cells
- 23. labeling pathogens with proteins to mark them for destruction
- 26. type of immunodeficiency where genetic mutations affect the immune system; present at birth and may be life threatening
- 27. phagocytose foreign materials, talks to adaptive system
- 29. the toll like receptor that recognizes flagellin
- 30. the term given to explain that each cytokine has multiple functions
- 33. the pathway where antibodies recognize and bind the bacterial cell surface and activate C3
- 34. the arm of the immune system that is always on and responds to infections immediately
- 35. phagocytes ingest and destroy microbes
- 36. anti-viral signals; regulate innate immune components and cells
- 37. type of immunodeficiency that develops later in life (i.e. drugs, infection, diseases)
- 39. the pathway where the serum protein mannose-binding lectin can bind sugars on pathogens, MBL associated proteases then cleave and activate C2 and C4, thus activating C3