Across
- 3. A class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds at the end of proteins (e.g. between the penultimate and last amino acid in the polypeptide).
- 8. The two airways branching out from the trachea and lead to the smaller bronchioles.
- 11. Tubes leading from the spiracles to the tracheoles that are part of the gaseous exchange system.
- 13. A class of enzymes that hydrolyze lipids.
- 14. Molecules found in the small intestine that assist in the coagulation of lipids, increasing the lipid surface area for breakdown.
- 15. A type of chamber in the heart which receives blood from the atrium above it and pumps it out of the heart.
- 18. A type of membrane transport mechanism involving two different molecules moving across a cell membrane.
- 20. Small airways which branch out from the bronchi and end at the alveoli.
- 21. The main airway that acts as a passage for air to pass to and from the bronchi.
- 23. The tissue that transports water in the stem and leaves of plants.
- 25. A decrease in the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen in areas with a high carbon dioxide concentration.
- 26. The chamber in the heart that receives deoxygenated blood directly from the vena cava and passes it on to the right ventricle.
- 28. a type of blood vessel that carries blood into the heart from other parts of the body.
- 30. A type of plant that is adapted to survive in places with very little water.
- 33. A smaller type of blood vessel that connects arteries with capillaries.
- 34. The main artery that carries oxygenated blood to the kidneys from the heart.
- 37. The main vein that carries oxygenated blood away from the lungs and back to the heart.
- 38. A protein found in red blood cells that has a quaternary structure and is specialised to carry oxygen to the tissues.
- 40. A network of many different capillaries that supply the tissues with blood.
- 41. Small openings on the surface of insects that allow for the exchange of gases with their environment.
- 44. Small divisions of the gills in fish that extend off the gill arch.
- 46. Fluid filtered out from the blood that bathes tissues and provides the cells with substances like food and dissolved gases for exchange.
- 48. The main artery that supplies the heart tissue with blood
- 49. Small protrusions on the gill filaments designed to increase the surface area available for gas exchange.
- 50. A type of chamber in the heart which receives blood directly from a vein and passes it on to a ventricle.
- 51. A membrane protein involved in the cotransport of molecules in opposite directions.
- 52. A type of loosely packed mesophyll tissue with air pockets found in plant leaves which is specialised for gas exchange.
Down
- 1. A set of muscles found between the ribs on the outside that are involved in forced and quiet inhalation.
- 2. Conformational changes caused by the binding of oxygen to haemoglobin that increase the ability of haemoglobin to bind more oxygen.
- 4. A membrane protein involved in the cotransport of molecules in the same direction.
- 5. The main artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart at high pressure.
- 6. A class of enzymes that hydrolyze polysaccharides.
- 7. A very small blood vessel with thin walls and a small diameter used for substance exchange in tissues.
- 9. A set of muscles found between the ribs on the inside that are involved in forced exhalation
- 10. The main artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for reoxygenation.
- 12. The chamber in the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it out of the heart to the lungs for reoxygenation.
- 16. The chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein and passes it on to the left ventricle.
- 17. A class of enzymes found within membranes that hydrolyze disaccharides into monosaccharides.
- 19. A class of enzymes found within membranes that hydrolyze dipeptides into singular amino acids.
- 22. A type of blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
- 24. An organised group of lipid molecules that aggregate together to provide a hydrophobic capsule for the uptake of lipids.
- 27. The main vein that carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidneys back to the heart.
- 29. The main vein that carries deoxygenated blood into the right atrium of the heart.
- 31. A class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds within polypeptides.
- 32. The chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it out of the heart to the rest of the body.
- 35. A smaller type of blood vessel that connects capillaries with veins.
- 36. Small air sacs found in the lungs at the end of bronchioles which provide a large surface area for gas exchange.
- 39. A tube reinforced with cartilage that allows for the movement of air between the larynx and bronchi.
- 42. Very small tubes that make up the respiratory system of insects and carry gases from the tracheae to the cells.
- 43. A large sheet of muscle below the lungs used to reduce and increase the lung capacity to create pressure changes necessary for ventilation.
- 45. Small holes found on leaves that can be opened or closed by guard cells to control the amount of water loss and gas exchange.
- 47. A type of tissue found in plants used to transport organic substances from where they are made to where they are needed.