Across
- 1. May be found in surgical specimens particularly in liver biopsies, associated with an intense eosinophilic staining at the center of the tissue in H&E stained sections
- 8. Allows the general microscopic study of tissue structures without altering the structural pattern and normal intercellular relationship of tissues
- 9. Most common metallic fixative
- 12. It is recommended for gastro-intestinal tract specimens and fixation of endocrine tissues
- 14. At concentrations up to 10% are the most rapid in action but if used longer than necessary will rapidly cause a loss of nuclear staining and can macerate tissues
- 15. Form intermolecular bridges, normally through free amino groups, thus creating a network of linked antigens
- 17. Techniques are commonly used in pathology for the demonstration of various antibodies
- 18. Inferior compared to nitric acid in its role as a decalcifying agent because of its slower action and greater distortion of tissue produced on the decalcified section
- 20. It has been used on frozen sections and smears
- 24. It is the removal of calcium ions or lime salts from the organic extracellular matrix, calcified collagen, and surrounding tissues of the bone
- 26. Fixative that is cheap, easy to prepare and readily available
- 32. It is recommended for fixation of embryos and pituitary biopsies
- 35. Used in 4% aqueous solution of basic lead acetate
- 36. The most common and the fastest decalcifying agent used so far, utilized both as a simple solution or combined with other reagents
- 39. It is superior to ordinary dehydrating and clearing agents due to its ability to perform two processes at the same time, thereby shortening the total processing time and allowing more time for fixation
- 42. It is a colorless clearing agent that is most commonly used in histology laboratories
- 43. Solvents such as alcohols and acetone remove lipids and dehydrate the cells
- 44. It is recommended for fixing mucopolysaccharides and nuclear proteins
- 50. They are said to give improved results with immunohistochemistry
- 51. The process of removing excess fixative from the tissue after fixation in order to improve staining and remove artefacts from the tissues
- 52. It is preferred by some as a clearing agent in the embedding process of tissues because it penetrates and clears tissues rapidly
- 55. Substitute for paraffin wax
- 56. A polymerized form of formaldehyde, usually obtained as a fine white powder, which depolymerizes back to formalin when heated
- 57. A compound fixative, recommended for nucleoproteins
- 58. A mixture of paraformaldehyde and glutaral-dehyde
- 59. It is used to clear both paraffin and celloidin sections during the embedding process
- 60. Most common chrome osmium acetic acid fixative, excellent for nuclear structures
Down
- 2. Classically defined as the killing, penetration and hardening of tissues
- 3. It is defined as a process in which water is entirely removed from the tissues
- 4. It is recommended for study of early degenerative processes and tissue necrosis
- 5. A very weak decalcifying solution suitable only for minute pieces of bone
- 6. It is used in a 3% aqueous solution
- 7. Rapidly denatures and precipitates proteins
- 10. It is highly recommended for the preservation of glycogen and other carbohydrates
- 11. Made up of only one component substance
- 13. is used for fixing touch preparations
- 16. Another popular aldehyde for fixation which is made up of two formaldehyde residues, linked by a three carbon chain
- 19. It is better and less "messy" than Bouin's solution
- 21. It is a synthetic wax substitute similar to Paraplast with a melting point of 56-58°C. It is less brittle and less compressible than Paraplast. Bio/aid is a semisynthetic wax recommended for embedding eyes
- 22. Recommended mainly for tumor biopsies especially of the skin; it is an excellent cytologic fixative
- 23. It is a cheap, rapid-acting dehydrating agent utilized for most urgent biopsies
- 25. This is a simple microanatomical fixative made up of saturated formaldehyde (40%, by weight volume) diluted to 10% with sodium chloride
- 27. Permanganate fixatives (potassium permanganate), potassium dichromate, chromic acid and osmium tetroxide are the
- 28. A mineral which is found in bones
- 29. It has a lower melting point (46-48°C), but it is harder than paraffin
- 30. It is miscible both with water and paraffin
- 31. This is a pale yellow powder which dissolves in water (up to 6% at 20°C) to form a strong oxidizing solution
- 33. The most widely used agents for routine decalcification of large amounts of bony tissues because they are stable, readily available, and relatively inexpensive as compared to other decalcifying agents
- 34. It is a toxic dehydrating agent, primarily employed for blood and tissue films and for smear preparations
- 37. It is better at preserving tissue structure and is more tolerant of small amounts of water left behind in the tissues than xylene
- 38. Decalcification time is 2-7 days
- 40. It is a cheap, rapid-acting dehydrating agent utilized for most urgent biopsies which dehydrates in 1/2 to 2 hours
- 41. Placing an already fixed tissue to a second fixative to: improve demonstration of substance, ensure complete hardening and for special staining
- 45. When used for clearing of tissues during the embedding process, it is slower in action than xylene, but causes less brittleness
- 46. It is considered to be the most rapid fixative and may be used for urgent biopsy specimens for paraffin processing within 5 hours
- 47. A machine that is used to cut tissues
- 48. The chemical component becomes part of the tissue by forming cross-links or molecular complexes
- 49. An excellent fixative for bone marrow, extramedullary hematopoiesis and intercalated discs of cardiac muscle
- 53. It is the alcohol recommended for routine dehydration of tissues. It is a clear, colorless, flammable fluid
- 54. It is the process by which the impregnated tissue is placed into a precisely arranged position in a mold containing a medium which is then allowed to solidify