Across
- 2. this cycle of viral infection terminates with the death of the host cell as viral particles are released
- 4. the immunity which results from the production of antibodies by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen.
- 6. (infection) are those diseases with a long incubation period, often years.
- 9. viruses can be responsible for the development of tumor cells, after the initial infection event
- 11. (virions)
- 12. a person or other organism that has become infected with a pathogen, but who display no signs nor symptoms.
- 14. is the specific interaction of the viral coat with a host cell receptor
- 16. (bodies) are nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregates of proteins, usually representative of viral multiplication
- 17. (transmission) is the transmission of pathogens between members of the same species that are not in a parent-child relationship
- 19. (immunity) the resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population that results if a sufficiently high proportion of individuals are immune to the disease, especially through vaccination
- 20. is where the immune system causes disease symptoms as a reaction to the presence of the virus, rather than the virus directly killing the cell
- 23. is the mechanism by which an antibody attaches to receptor, blocking the virus binding to the host cell
- 24. the process by which viruses of the same species, which are not identical, swap gene segments
- 26. the T-cells responsible for killing virus-infected host cells
- 27. one unit that makes up the viral protein shell. They self-assemble to form the final shape
- 28. (variants) refers to the mechanism by which an infectious agent alters its surface proteins in order to avoid a host immune response
- 30. cycle is when the virus that has infected a cell attaches itself to the host DNA and, acting like an inert segment of the DNA, replicates when the host cell divides
- 33. the structure some viruses possess that are typically derived from portions of the host cell membranes
- 34. the combined genome and protein structure of a virus
- 37. MHC proteins specific for presenting viral antigens
- 38. the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole.
- 39. a protein released by animal cells, usually in response to the entry of a virus, which has the property of inhibiting virus replication.
- 40. (of nucleic acid) is whether it contains the same basepairs as the mRNA, or the complementary sequence
Down
- 1. (period) the time when no virus particles are detected within the infected cell
- 3. an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary RNA molecule using an RNA template.
- 5. (transmission) is the Passage of a pathogen from mother to baby during the period immediately before and after birth
- 7. the envelopment of a viral core by a cellular membrane containing viral glycoproteins and subsequent membrane fission to release the particle from the membrane
- 8. this infection affects the entire body, rather than a single organ or body part
- 10. having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
- 13. 2 viruses infect a cell, but one is mutated and has a non-functional protein. The nonmutated virus helps the mutant by making protein for both viruses
- 15. (effect) is used to describe damage on the morphology and/or function of an infected cell
- 18. the protein shell of a virus that encloses the nucleic acid
- 21. cells are needed to destroy cells infected by many different virus and are nonspecific
- 22. is the antibody type that when present, can diagnose a current infection
- 25. (weakened) variants can’t cause disease due to mutations, but can be used for vaccination
- 29. infections are characterized by the lack of detectable infectious virus between episodes of recurrent disease
- 31. (symmetry) the protein subunits and the nucleic acid are arranged in a helix
- 32. (symmetry) subunits are arranged in the form of a hollow, quasi spherical structure, with the genome within, made up of 20 triangles
- 35. containing two complete sets of chromosomes
- 36. (genome) divided into multiple pieces, each of which encodes one or more open reading frames