Across
- 4. Cell growth and preparation takes about 21 hours, and mitosis takes _____ hour/s.
- 6. The genetically active portion of chromatin that is largely composed of genes.
- 15. Nitrogenous bases attract each other by ______ bonds.
- 16. The chiasmata moves towards the end of the the chromosomes.
- 17. The unwound strands of helix at each point along the chromosomes where replication is occurring.
- 18. In meiosis, one diploid cell produces _____ haploid cells.
- 19. This enzyme synthesizes small pieces of RNA which are going to provide the 3' end so that the DNA polymerase III can extend at the 3' end.
- 23. Primary oocytes enter into meiosis I then become arrested at ________.
- 24. Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a given locus.
- 27. The chromosome is known to be ______ when the p-arm is equal to the q-arm in terms of length.
- 30. Identical structures that result from chromosome replication and form during the S phase.
- 32. _____ Kornberg discovered the DNA Polymerase I.
- 35. The Okazaki fragments will be joined by this enzyme.
- 36. All three polymerase has _____ activity, the reason why they can remove the wrong nucelotide and add the right nucleotide.
- 39. Acetylation is the addition of acteyl group to the positively charged amino group on the side chain of Lysine by the enzyme _______.
- 41. Cells of the _____ are continuously dividing in healthy humans hence they are never entering the resting phase.
- 42. Helps to understand how many chromosomes are present, to identify the kind of species, and to find a missing or an extra part of the chromosome
- 43. Telomerase was first discovered in the ciliate __________.
- 45. A polynucelotide sequence in a nucleic acid that does not code information for protein synthesis and is removed before translation of messenger RNA.
- 48. The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
- 50. The bundle of proteins that surrounds/envelops the centromere; where the microtubular spindle fibers attach during mitosis and meiosis.
- 51. A linear or circular region of DNA or RNA which replicates sequentially as a unit.
- 53. The association of homologous chromosomes with chiasma formation that is characteristic of the first meiotic prophase and is held to be the mechanism for genetic crossing-over.
- 55. Any of the many water-soluble proteins that are rich in the basic amino acid lysine and arginine and are complexed with DNA in nucleosomes.
- 57. A polynucleotide sequence in a nucleic acid that codes information for protein synthesis and that is copied and spliced together with other such sequences to form messenger RNA.
- 58. A cross-shaped configuration of paired chromatids visible in the diplotene of meiotic prophase and considered the cytological equivalent of genetic crossing-over.
- 61. After a certain number of cell divisions, the telomere will be so short as to somehow prevent the cell from further proliferation. This is known as ________.
- 62. The region where the chromosomes move during metaphase.
- 63. Complete set of information in an organism's DNA
Down
- 1. Hershey-Chase bacteriophage experiment used ____________ to distinguish DNA and protein.
- 2. The telomerase gene, the gene making the telomerase enzyme, is present in chromosome number _______.
- 3. The organelle inherited through the mother.
- 5. Cytoplasmic division takes place only after the _________ division.
- 7. Finite replicative lifespan of cultured cells is directly related to organismal aging.
- 8. A genetic modification of a bacterium by incorporation of free DNA from another ruptured bacterial cell.
- 9. Synthesis of leading and lagging strand is simultaneous.
- 10. ________ subunit in the DNA Polymerase III is the clamp loader so the enzyme is attached to the DNA.
- 11. The region on a chromosome which the spindle attaches during mitosis and meiosis.
- 12. Random orientation of the chromosomes on the metaphase plate is because of ______ of maternal and paternal chromosomes.
- 13. A densely staining chromatin that appears as in or along chromosomes and contains relatively few genes.
- 14. The movement of the DNA replication in linear chromosomes is __________.
- 20. A type of genetic replication in which a double stranded molecule of nucleic acid separates into two single strands each of which serves as a template for the formation of a complementary strand that together with the template forms a complete molecule.
- 21. Sugar and phosphate serve as the backbone in the DNA structure and are bonded by _____ bonds.
- 22. These are regions with high frequency of short interspersed DNA that are GC-rich, CpG-rich, and predominantly nonmethylated.
- 25. DNA polymerase is existing in a _____ form.
- 26. A highly ordered proteinaceous structure that assembles at the interphase between aligned homologous chromosomes.
- 28. The DNA polymerase I, II, and III can only ____ the DNA.
- 29. A ribonucleoprotein catalyzing the elongation of chromosomal telomeres in eukaryotic cell division and is particularly active in cancer cells.
- 31. The degree of _____ refers to the average number of nucleotides added each time the enzymes bind to a template.
- 33. The enzyme for phosphorylation is _____.
- 34. The interchange of genes or segments between homologous chromosomes (crossing over) happens in this stage of Prophase I.
- 37. In the G1 phase, a lot of DNA _____ takes place.
- 38. Defines the packing of DNA as a 20nm fiber of chromatin and results from the helical winding of at least five nucleosome strands.
- 40. Methylation adds methyl group to ____ and lysine.
- 41. __-DNA is rehydrated so it is the one found in most cells.
- 44. Using ______ dye, it is possible to observe mitosis and meiosis under a microscope.
- 46. In the rolling-circle replication, there is an introduction of a ____, a break in the DNA molecule.
- 47. A complex of a nucleic acid with the basic proteins in eukaryotic cells that is dispersed in the interphase nucleus and condensed into chromosomes in meiosis and mitosis.
- 49. All heritable changes in gene expression and chromatin organization that is independent of the DNA sequence itself.
- 52. Each identical twin is a ___ of the other because they have the exact same genetic composition.
- 54. The directionality of the DNA comes from the ____ atoms.
- 55. Genome is equivalent to the genetic information in the _____ cell.
- 56. _____ sequences are added by the telomerase.
- 59. In the ___ phase of interphase, the DNA is synthesized.
- 60. The natural end of a eukaryotic chromosome composed of repetitive DNA sequence and serving to stabilize the chromosome.