Across
- 3. An emerging _ revolution is at hand, and is expected to revolutionise sensing, imaging, precise positioning, navigation, timing, communications, computing, etc...
- 7. _ system in the Israel-Gaza conflict uses data to rank people.
- 8. So far, despite the hype, there are no clear indications of a possible _ cyber war.
- 10. The US first used satellites in the _ war.
- 12. Groups such as _ use digital technologies to recruit, train, fundraise and purchase supplies.
- 13. The US maintains _ space programmes.
- 14. Cyber operations can also be used during peacetime.
- 15. Comparing cyber vs. non-cyber: Cash payments vs. _ transfers.
- 19. After 2022, this country emerged as the 12th biggest cyber power.
- 21. The _ use of space became more central to war fighting during the 1991 Gulf War.
- 22. Issue of translation: there ar ebig _ in terminology and definitions, e.g. between the US, Russia, and China.
- 23. Hamas/Iran/sympathisers launch cyber attacks on Israel (minimal impact).
- 26. Russia attacked various targets in this country (such as government websites, denial of service, banks, and media organisations) following a decision by the (country's) government to move Soviet-era statue and graves.
- 27. Terrorist attacks produce shock (explosions, casualties), whereas cyber operations take time, money, and _ skills.
- 30. 11-day bombing campagin against Hamas labelled Israel's '_'.
- 32. This country ranks as the 3rd biggest cyber power, after the US and China.
- 33. In the Ukraine war, AI is used to _ and analyse open-source data, such as social media content to identify Russian soldiers, weapons, systems, units or their movements.
- 34. Advances in AI and Quantum tech are likely to have important implications for the military in decades ahead but _ to completely change the nature of war and conflict.
- 35. "_ is best understood as a descriptive prefix, an adjective conveying the digital or computer-like nature of the noun to which it is attached."
- 37. All _ conflicts have a cyber dimension.
- 41. AI can support decision-making through virtual _.
- 43. "[Used by state and non-state actors] Hostile actions in cyberspace tha thave effects that amplify or are equivalent to major kinetic violence."
- 45. A group named 'Guardians of the Peace' from this country launched a cyber attack against Sony in November 2014.
- 46. "A global domain within the information environment consisting of the interdependent network of information technology infrastructures, including the internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers."
- 47. Russian cyberattacks _ to have decisive impact in support of invasion.
- 50. Satellite reconnaissance completely changes the nuclear (and international) landscape - It provides stability in arms races, facilitates arms control, and reduces _ of a sneak attack.
- 51. There is no indication that any single domain is '_' - e.g. a 'victory' in cyberspace does not equate with a victory in war.
- 52. Broad security _ of war, deterrence, etc. can be applied to cyberspace.
- 53. Rules of the road/laws of cyber war are _ to establish, making it less of a preferable choice for governments (they prefer to choose methods that they understand better).
Down
- 1. _' use of cyber-acquired intel helps with attack planning.
- 2. The number of satellites has exponentially _ [increased/decreased] in recent years.
- 4. Israel's Iron Dome system ignores incoming threats if it determines they will land in _ areas.
- 5. "Hack-and-_": The name of a cyber attack by Russia on the US during the 2016 US Presidential Election.
- 6. Stakeholders in cyber security include _, government agencies, and civil society.
- 9. So far, all cyber attacks have had _ durations.
- 11. _ groups focus on what is cheap, noticeable, and deadly.
- 16. Ai can _ the adversary's AI systems.
- 17. Cyber operations are usually launched in tandem with _ military operations (e.g. during Russo-Georgian war).
- 18. Ukraine's IT _ causes some disruption to Russian society but strategic impact is marginal.
- 20. In the Ukraine war, commercial satellite _ delivers crucial intelligence to Ukraine.
- 21. AI can help create/detect fake _ and deep fakes.
- 24. AI can help create automated targeting and behavioural _.
- 25. Quantum sensors can allow underground mapping, see around corners, and make oceans _ (for detecting submarines).
- 28. Ukraine's IT Army was created on February 26th 2022 as a part of Ministry of Digital _.
- 29. Cyber operations are _ compared to financial crimes, espionage, and information operations (e.g. hybrid or grey zone war) - more than half of cyber operations are aimed at collecting information or disseminating information.
- 31. The main emphasis of government cyber operations, making adversary aware of presence.
- 36. Refers to the use of cyber operations to deter actions within other domains of conflict or the deterrence of adversary cyberspace operations within the cyber domain.
- 38. This country's cyberattacks on Hamas are limited because it does not rely much on the internet.
- 39. In 2019, NATO adopted a _ and recognised space as a new operational domain, alongside air, land, maritime, and cyberspace.
- 40. Cyber war involves direct attacks in cyberspace that are not per se aimed at military forces, but are directed at opponents' _ enabled systems in general."
- 42. _ satellites provide connectivity for the Ukrainian military and are vital for drone strikes.
- 44. Israel can turn on/off internet connectivity in _.
- 48. Ukrainian cyber defences were _ due to advances in AI-enhanced threat intelligence and the quick distribution of protective software to cloud services and other computer networks.
- 49. Cyberspace can be viewed as its own domain but it rarely exists _ from other domains. This is also true of the space domain.