Across
- 5. A specific, slower immune response found only in vertebrates that develops memory against particular pathogens.
- 9. Large phagocytic cells that engulf pathogens and activate other immune responses.
- 13. A defense reaction involving redness, swelling, heat, and pain, caused by increased blood flow and immune activity.
- 15. Physical and chemical protections (like skin, mucus, and secretions) that prevent pathogens from entering the body.
Down
- 1. Fast-acting immune cells known as “first responders” that quickly arrive at infection sites and perform phagocytosis.
- 2. Cells (like macrophages and neutrophils) that perform phagocytosis to eliminate invading microbes.
- 3. The process by which immune cells engulf and destroy pathogens using enzymes.
- 4. Any microorganism (bacteria, virus, fungi, etc.) that has the potential to cause disease.
- 6. A nonspecific, immediate defense system present in all animals that responds quickly to infections using general mechanisms.
- 7. Immune cells that capture pathogens and present antigens, helping activate adaptive immunity.
- 8. Immune cells that destroy infected or cancerous cells, especially those lacking normal surface markers (MHC I).
- 10. A group of proteins that enhance immune responses, including: destroying pathogens, promoting inflammation, assisting phagocytosis
- 11. Receptors on immune cells that recognize common structures on pathogens.
- 12. A type of PRR that detects specific pathogen components, like: TLR4 → LPS, TLR3 → viral RNA, TLR5 → flagella
- 14. Molecular patterns found on pathogens that are recognized by PRRs to trigger immune responses.