Across
- 4. Condition actually caused by a medical intervention.
- 6. Movement of cells in response to a chemical stimulant.
- 8. Degree of pathology caused by an organism. The extent of the virulence is usually correlated with the ability of the pathogen to multiply within the host; may be affected by other factors; the disease-evoking power of a microorganism.
- 9. Ability of a microorganism to cause disease.
- 11. Toxic protein produced by a bacterium and released into its environment; may exert adverse effects quite remote from the site of infection.
- 13. Type of immune response that involves circulating antibodies.
- 15. an immunoglobulin molecule characterized by specific amino acid sequence produced by the host as a result of a specific antigenic stimulation.
- 16. Multifunctional protein with antimicrobial activity that is part of the innate defense proteins mainly at mucoses; found in mucosal secretions such as tears.
- 20. agent Protein that is able to direct the migration of a specific cell.
- 21. Passage of inflammatory cells and other formed elements in the blood through the endothelial walls of the blood vessel.
- 23. Thin, filamentous, protein structures, including proteinaceous capsular antigens (fimbrial antigens), that mediate the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces and play a role in pathogenesis.
- 25. Natural form of host protection; nonspecific and not stimulated by specific antigenic stimuli.
- 26. Complex group of serum proteins produced by B cells in response to foreign antigens. In humans there are five isotypes—IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE.
Down
- 1. Nonflagellar, sticky, proteinaceous, hairlike appendages that adhere some bacterial cells to each other and to environmental surfaces; plural of fimbria.
- 2. Killing effect or amount of antimicrobial agent required to kill.
- 3. response Stronger, quicker response on subsequent exposure to an immunogen.
- 5. Microorganism capable of producing disease in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.
- 7. (LPS) component of gram-negative cell walls; composed of lipid A plus core polysaccharide plus O antigen (O polysaccharide side chain); released on lysis of the cell during infection.
- 10. Disease that humans acquire from exposure to infected animals or products made from infected animals.
- 12. Process of engulfing or ingesting and digesting foreign particles.
- 14. Sequence of reactions that converts glucose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a relatively small amount of adenosine triphosphate.
- 17. Immune response elicited by a specific stimulus from a foreign molecule that causes antigen recognition by B, TH, or TC cells and results in the proliferation and differentiation of the stimulated cells into effector cells and memory cells; an immunity resulting from a previous encounter of the host and an antigenic stimuli.
- 18. Spread to other sites.
- 19. Plasma protein that functions as an enzyme or as binding protein; plays an essential role in host defense against infectious agents and in the inflammatory process.
- 22. Toxins secreted by certain bacterial species toxic to leukocytes (e.g., Panton-Valentine produced by Staphylococcus aureus).
- 24. Proteins produced by some bacteria that inhibit the growth of other strains of the same organism or related species. Genes for these proteins may reside on plasmids.