Across
- 3. A photosynthetic pigment found in chloroplasts that transfers light energy into chemical energy in molecules.
- 4. Water loss from plant leaves and shoots via diffusion and evaporation. The rate of transpiration is affected by temperature and humidity.
- 7. area The total area occupied by the surface of an object. The larger the surface area, the faster the rate of diffusion.
- 8. (water movement) The ‘sticking’ together of water molecules due to attractive forces between them. This enables water molecules to move up the xylem in a continuous stream.
- 10. A variable that is in short supply and limits the rate of a particular reaction.
- 11. A reaction that takes place inside photosynthetic organisms (e.g. plants, algae) and manufactures carbohydrates from raw materials using light energy. Overall in the presence of light and chlorophyll: carbon dioxide + water ⟶ glucose + oxygen 6CO2 + 6H2O ⟶ C6H12O6 + 6O2
- 12. A layer of cells on the leaf’s lower surface that contains stomata and guard cells.
- 14. An organelle found in plants and algae that is the site for photosynthesis.
- 15. Small holes found on the surface of a plant (typically leaves) that can be opened or closed by guard cells to control water loss and gas exchange.
- 16. Cells that surround the stomata and change shape depending on the volume of water. They control the rate of transpiration by becoming turgid or flaccid, opening or closing stomata.
- 19. A transport tissue found in plants that is specialised to transport sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant in both directions.
- 20. The main photosynthetic tissue in plants located below the upper epidermis. It receives the most light so contains the greatest concentration of chloroplasts.
- 22. The regions of a plant that store or remove sugars e.g. roots, buds, fruits.
- 23. The movement of sugars (sucrose, amino acids, etc.) up and down a .plant, from sources to sinks, via the phloem. Requires energy.
- 25. A type of carbohydrate made from many glucose molecules joined together. It serves as an energy store in plants.
- 26. A layer of transparent cells that allows light to strike the palisade mesophyll tissue.
Down
- 1. Specialised cells responsible for the uptake of water and minerals from the soil. They have long hair like extensions known as root hairs, which provide a large surface area for absorption of ions by active transport and water by osmosis.
- 2. Part of the transport system in vascular plants that consists of xylem and phloem tissue.
- 5. spaces Intracellular spaces within the spongy mesophyll layer of the leaf that enable gaseous exchange. The air becomes saturated with water vapour providing a high concentration gradient for its diffusion into the atmosphere.
- 6. A transport tissue in plants that is specialised to transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots of the plant to the leaves.
- 8. The tissue located between the epidermis and the vascular bundles in a plant stem or root.
- 9. A type of loosely packed mesophyll tissue with air pockets, which is specialised for gas exchange. It contains some chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
- 13. A type of mineral element required by plants for the production of amino acids.
- 17. A large molecule that is synthesised from simple sugars.
- 18. A type of mineral element required by plants for the production of chlorophyll.
- 21. The regions of a plant that produce sugars e.g. leaves, storage organs.
- 24. A soluble sugar produced from the breakdown of starch in plants. It can be stored, used in respiration or used to synthesise other substances.