Across
- 3. T cell responsible for directly attacking infected.
- 5. The type of T cell that secretes interleukins to coordinate immune responses.
- 7. The Y-shaped protein molecules that help neutralize or destroy pathogens.
- 10. The immune response that occurs upon re-exposure to the same antigen, often faster and stronger.
- 13. The site where B cells develop.
- 15. The abundant immunoglobulin in circulation, responsible for secondary immune response.
- 16. The primary goal of vaccination is to stimulate a ______ response and a memory response.
- 18. Blood cell markers are classified as this type of immunogen.
- 20. When a B cell encounters an antigen, it produces these defensive proteins.
- 22. The process where B cells that react to self-antigens are destroyed.
- 26. If a vaccinated person is exposed to the pathogen, the immune response will be ______, powerful, and sustained.
- 29. The structures T cells colonize after maturation, such as lymph nodes and tonsils.
- 31. A vaccine should be inexpensive and have a long ______ life.
- 32. Immunoglobulin that acts as a B cell membrane antigen receptor.
- 33. A substance that prompts the generation of antibodies and triggers an immune response.
- 34. Immunoglobulin found in mucus, saliva, tears, and milk, preventing pathogen adherence to epithelial surfaces.
- 35. Small antigen molecules derived from bacterial cells or viruses used in vaccines.
- 36. A good vaccine should protect against ______ forms of the pathogen.
- 38. The term used for an antigen that stimulates an immune response.
- 39. A vaccine should have long-term effects by producing ______ cells.
- 41. When a T cell encounters an antigen, it becomes ______.
- 43. T cells that react with self-antigens are ______.
- 46. An ideal vaccine should require minimal doses and ______.
- 47. DNA complexed to proteins, but not pure DNA.
- 48. Two main types of APCs: ______ and macrophages.
- 49. The structure that fuses with a lysosome to break down antigens.
- 51. Vaccines that contain killed cells or inactivated viruses.
- 53. Vaccination primes the immune system for future exposure to a ______ pathogen.
- 54. The abbreviation for the “ID” tag that helps identify self vs. non-self cells.
- 55. The organ where T cells mature.
- 56. More complex molecules-more antigenic than lipids.
- 58. The outermost layer of the meninges.
- 59. Certain bacterial capsules are composed of this immunogenicity material.
Down
- 1. This component of bacterial cell walls is a known immunogen.
- 2. The process used to manufacture subunit vaccines by modifying DNA.
- 4. Vaccines that use weakened but live pathogens.
- 6. The type of immune cells activated when a T cell recognizes an antigen on an APC.
- 8. response The first response of the immune system to a new antigen.
- 9. The type of T cell that directly attacks pathogens.
- 11. Immunoglobulin found on mast cells, involved in allergic reactions by stimulating histamine release.
- 12. The process in which an activated B cell multiplies to form identical copies.
- 14. The brain is made up of neurons and____cells.
- 17. To be perceived as an antigen, a substance must meet requirements in foreignness shape ,size , and______.
- 19. The class of MHC found only on antigen-presenting cells.
- 21. The class of MHC found on all nucleated cells.
- 23. The largest immunoglobulin, a pentamer, primarily involved in the primary immune response.
- 24. acquired active Immunity acquired through infection or contact with a pathogen.
- 25. The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.
- 27. The part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system.
- 28. The part of the nervous system that consists of nerves traveling to the body’s periphery.
- 30. Type of vaccine in which subunits are combined with proteins to enhance immune response.
- 37. acquired active Immunity gained through vaccination with dead or attenuated pathogens.
- 40. A B cell is activated when an antigen binds to its ______.
- 42. The immune signaling molecules secreted by helper T cells to attract and stimulate other immune cells.
- 44. Immunity directed against a particular pathogen.
- 45. The T cells that provide long-term immunity by remembering past infections.
- 49. The type of cells that produce and secrete antibodies.
- 50. cells The type of cells in red bone marrow that give rise to T cells.
- 52. The type of molecule secreted by plasma cells to neutralize antigens.
- 57. help promote Tc cell and B cell action.