Across
- 2. antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity: a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
- 4. Pathogen associated molecular patterns: repeating molecular patterns on microbes that are recognized by PRRs on immune cells
- 6. interferon: family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
- 9. T-cell receptor: the Ag receptor on T cells
- 10. Mannose-binding lectin: soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens; can activate the lectin pathway of Complement and acts as an opsonin
- 12. B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
- 13. Complementarity determining regions: the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
- 14. Membrane attack complex: end product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
- 15. Recombination signal sequences: short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR V, D and J gene segments that serve as the binding sites for the RAG complex, allowing Ig and TCR gene rearrangement (somatic recombination)
- 16. Human leukocyte antigen: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
- 18. Immunoglobulin, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
Down
- 1. Cluster of differentiation: designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
- 2. Antibody immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
- 3. Cell adhesion molecule
- 4. Pattern recognition receptors: receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
- 5. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes: white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
- 6. interleukin: general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
- 7. Natural killer cell: large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells)
- 8. Dendritic cell: a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
- 9. Toll-like receptor: a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
- 11. C-reactive protein: acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
- 12. B cell receptor sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells
- 14. Major histocompatibility complex: designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
- 16. Human immunodeficiency virus
- 17. Autoimmune regulator: a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus