Across
- 1. Complementarity determining regions: the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
- 5. lipopolysaccharide: a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
- 7. Human leukocyte antigen: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
- 8. Subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by the cytokines they produce; involved in fully activating macrophages and promoting CTL responses against intracellular pathogens
- 9. B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells
- 10. Intracellular adhesion molecules: cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
- 12. Surface immunoglobulin: an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
- 13. Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
- 15. Cell mediated immunity: adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
- 17. Mannose-binding lectin: soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens
- 20. C-reactive protein: acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
- 21. Nuclear factor of activated T cells: a key transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription
- 22. Toll-like receptor: a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
- 23. Antigen presenting cell: a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
- 24. Autoimmune regulator a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
- 26. Recombination-activating genes; the two genes essential for Ig and TCR gene rearrangement
- 28. Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
- 29. Membrane attack complex: end product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
- 30. Cluster of differentiation: designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
Down
- 2. Recombination-activating genes; the two genes essential for Ig and TCR gene rearrangement
- 3. Recombination signal sequences: short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR V, D and J gene segments that serve as the binding sites for the RAG complex, allowing Ig and TCR gene rearrangement (somatic recombination)
- 4. Fragment with antigen binding: the part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
- 6. Pathogen associated molecular patterns: repeating molecular patterns on microbes that are recognized by PRRs on immune cells
- 8. Regulatory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells: a T cell subset that is responsible for suppressing or limiting immune responses
- 11. Cell adhesion molecule
- 12. Systemic lupus erythematosus: autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (against DNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
- 14. Pattern recognition receptors: receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
- 15. Family names of chemokines, chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties
- 16. Interferon: family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections;
- 17. Major histocompatibility complex: designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
- 18. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
- 19. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs: amino acid sequence in cytoplasmic domains of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction
- 20. Family names of chemokine receptors, the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body
- 22. Subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by the cytokines they produce; involved in stimulating B cells to produce antibody against extracellular pathogens
- 25. Nuclear factor κB: transcription factor that helps activate the expression of many pro-inflammatory genes
- 27. Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells