Across
- 5. receptor: receptors on immune cells that recognize surface proteins of pathogens and abnormal self-cells.
- 7. chemokine involved in the migration of neutrophils from the blood into infected tissue
- 8. describes cells or molecules of an individual’s own body that have been altered by infection or has become cancerous.
- 10. any member of a large group of small proteins involved in guiding white blood cells to sites where their functions are needed.
- 11. in immunology, describes any antigen that the body does not recognize as ‘self’
- 12. describes a cytokine that acts on the same cell as the one that secreted it.
- 15. mechanism of cell death in which the cells to be killed are induced to degrade themselves. Also known as programmed cell death.
- 16. polymorphism: the existence of two or more alleles of a given gene within a population, leading to variation between individuals.
- 17. any molecule that induces fever
- 20. a type of programmed cell death that results in inflammation and is how large amounts of the cytokine IL-1β are released from storage in macrophages.
- 21. molecular patterns: molecular features that are common to many different pathogens.
- 23. refers to any cell, protein, or other molecule that is a normal part of an individual’s own body
- 25. proteins that specifically recognize carbohydrates.
- 26. granular leukocyte that enters infected tissues in large numbers and engulfs and kills extracellular pathogens.
- 27. burst: metabolic change in neutrophils and macrophages that leads to the generation of toxic oxygen metabolites and other antibacterial substances that attack the phagocytosed pathogens.
- 29. describes a cytokine that is released from one cell and acts on another cell.
- 30. small proteins secreted by cells that change the behavior of neighboring cells.
Down
- 1. intracellular vesicle formed by fusion of a phagosome with a lysosome, functions in breaking down material by degradative lysosomal enzymes
- 2. lectin domain: carbohydrate-binding domain present in many glycoproteins.
- 3. response: an induced innate immune response that occurs soon after the start of an infection and involves the synthesis of acute-phase proteins by the liver and their secretion into the blood.
- 4. The neutrophil nucleus swells and bursts, the chromatin dissolves and becomes extruded from the cell in a network of decondensed DNA.
- 6. cell-surface glycoproteins that mediate adhesive interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix
- 9. intracellular membrane-enclosed vesicle that is formed by the invagination and pinching-off of a portion of plasma membrane
- 13. Lymphoid Cells: innate lymphocyte that differs from T and B lymphocytes by not expressing variable antigen receptors. It expresses PRRs.
- 14. a family of cytokines that act specifically to induce cells to resist virus infection.
- 18. Oligomerization Domain-like Receptors: soluble cytoplasmic receptors that recognize degraded components of phagocytized bacteria.
- 19. the movement of cells or fluid from within blood vessels into the surrounding tissues
- 22. receptors: any of a family of signaling receptors of innate immunity that recognize a range of pathogens and include both cell-surface receptors and receptors that are located in endosome membranes.
- 24. digestive intracellular organelle that contains degradative enzymes and breaks down macromolecules.
- 28. intracellular vesicle containing material taken up by phagocytosis.