Across
- 4. A serious condition in which bacteria are actively multiplying in the bloodstream, triggering a dangerous systemic immune response. Distinct from bacteremia, which only implies presence.
- 7. Accumulations of bacteria on heart valves that impair valve function and can break off to form emboli that block vital organs.
- 10. A life-threatening condition resulting from cascading immune responses to septicemia, characterized by a drastic drop in blood pressure and up to 50% mortality rate.
- 11. The characteristic bullseye rash appearing at the site of a tick bite in early Lyme disease, consisting of a raised reddish ring that gradually spreads outward with a pale central region.
- 12. A spirochete bacteium that causes Lyme disease. Classified as gram-negative due to an outer membrane but uniquely lacks LPS/endotoxin, and evades the immune system by changing its surface antigens.
- 14. Red, painless spots on the palms and soles caused by embolic blockages. Found in the presence of endocarditis.
- 15. A slower-onset form of endocarditis that almost always follows prior valve damage or congenital malformation, commonly caused by low-pathogenicity oral bacterial such as alpha-hemolytic streptococci.
- 16. A tick-borne bacterial infection caused by Rickettsia rickettsi, characterized by a distinctive spotted rash starting at the wrists, forearms, and ankles, most common in the southeastern United States.
- 18. Viral infections caused by ssRNA enveloped viruses that infect the blood and lymphatics, causing capillary fragility, disruption of blood clotting, and internal hemorrhaging.
Down
- 1. The presence of bacteria in the blood, without necessarily implying active multiplication.
- 2. An ssRNA virus closely related to Ebola, endemic to Africa, causing severe hemorrhagic fever with an average fatality rate of approximately 50%.
- 3. A rapidly progressing form of endocarditis most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus, in which bacteria colonize normal heart valves, form vegetations, and can cause emboli or cardiac failure.
- 5. A progressive tick-borne illness caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, presenting with a bullseye rash (erythema migrans) and potentially avancing to cardiac, neurological, and arthritic complications if untreated.
- 6. Inflammation and infection of the endocardium, most often involving the heart valves, caused by bacterial colonization that can form vegetations and lead to cardiac malfunction.
- 8. An ssRNA virus endemic to Africa that causes extreme capillary fragility, bleeding from orifices, and has an average fatality rate of around 50%. Bats are thought to be its natural reservoir.
- 9. A bacterial infection caused by Bartonella henselae, transmitted to humans through cat scratches or bites, presenting with papules at the inoculation site and primarily affecting children.
- 13. Small, painful nodes on finger and toe pads caused by immune complex-mediated vessel inflammation. Found in the presence of endocarditis.
- 17. The presence of viruses in the bloodstream.