Across
- 2. Navigation instrument used before the sextant to measure the sun’s altitude.
- 6. Period of renewed learning in Europe that encouraged exploration and invention.
- 8. Europeans transported these groups of people from Africa to the Caribbean.
- 9. Groups of soldiers that Europeans transported across oceans to conquer new lands.
- 10. Large ocean-going ship used by explorers for long voyages.
- 11. Measurement north or south of the equator, calculated by sextant.
- 12. Instrument improved by Galileo to observe celestial objects.
- 14. Popular drink imported from China to Europe
- 15. Italian town where sailors improved the magnetic compass.
- 16. Italian scientist who improved the telescope and studied the planets.
- 17. Became more accurate because of improvements in navigation and astronomy.
- 18. Explosive substance developed in 13th-century Europe and used in firearms.
Down
- 1. Navigation tool used to determine direction at sea.
- 2. City captured by the Turks in 1453 using cannons.
- 3. Instrument that replaced the cross-staff and measured latitude more precisely.
- 4. Force discovered in ancient times that made the compass possible.
- 5. Small, fast Portuguese sailing ship used by explorers.
- 7. Weapons such as muskets and pistols that use gunpowder.
- 8. Field of study revived during the Renaissance that led to new technologies.
- 13. Sweet crop grown in the Caribbean and shipped to Europe.