Across
- 3. The less dominant variety in a language contact situation such as during the development of pidgins.
- 4. A language variety that is stripped down to its essentials, that is, not very linguistically complex. They arise in language contact situations, for example, trade, and are used as a lingua franca. Often a precursor or early stage of creoles, they tend to have a fairly developed vocabulary and basic linguistic structure but, unlike creoles, they are not spoken as a first language and are used in limited social settings
- 5. a reduction in the number of creole features in the speech of an individual or community as a variety moves along the creole continuum towards standardization.
- 7. An agreed upon common language for commercial or social exchange. An alternative language used between people who speak different native languages when they need to interact on a regular basis.
Down
- 1. Related to lexifier langauge. A variety that has influenced the structure or use of another language in contact. It is the more dominant variety, like English or Arabic for example.
- 2. The language that supplies most of the vocabulary (i.e., lexicon) for a pidgin or creole.
- 6. A language variety that develops out of a pidgin in a language contact situation. Unlike pidgins, a community or group of speakers speaks these varieties as a first language, and they can be used in the entire range of social settings.