Across
- 3. An economic system that emerged around 600-500 B.C. with the introduction of coinage (such as the Athenian drachma), simplifying trade by assigning standard values to goods.
- 6. A naval alliance of Greek city-states founded by Athens in 478 B.C. to defend against Persia, which later turned into an Athenian empire.
- 9. The independent city-state of ancient Greece, which included a walled urban center, surrounding villages, and farmland. It was the fundamental political and social unit, fostering a strong sense of identity, community, and autonomy.
- 10. A form of government in which power is held by a few wealthy or powerful individuals.
- 11. A tight, tactical military formation of hoplite soldiers standing side-by-side, carrying shields for defense and long spears.
- 12. A piece of land surrounded by water on three sides
- 18. An economic system used in early Greece (before c. 600 B.C.) based on trading goods and services directly for other goods or services, rather than using currency.
- 19. A defensive coalition of Greek city-states led by Sparta, which played a major role in opposing the power of Athens.
Down
- 1. A large peninsula in southeastern Europe, extending southward into the Mediterranean Sea; it is the geographical region where mainland Greece is located.
- 2. The period following the death of Alexander the Great (323 B.C.) to the rise of Rome, characterized by the blending of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures.
- 4. A conflict between opposing groups within the same city-state or between different Greek city-states (e.g., the Peloponnesian War).
- 5. A prominent Greek city-state known as the birthplace of democracy, which valued art, philosophy, and naval power.
- 7. A form of government ruled by a small group of noble, wealthy, land-owning families.
- 8. A period of unmatched prosperity, artistic creation, and political power, specifically referring to the "Age of Pericles" in Athens (5th Century B.C.).
- 12. A former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, dedicated to the goddess Athena, which serves as a prime example of Classical Greek architecture.
- 13. A "lover of wisdom," such as Socrates, Plato, or Aristotle, who used logic and reason to understand the nature of reality, morality, and politics.
- 14. An ancient kingdom located to the north of the Greek city-states, which under Philip II and Alexander the Great conquered Greece and expanded into a vast empire.
- 15. A system of government, pioneered in Athens, where power is vested in the people (citizens), allowing them to vote on and participate in making state decisions.
- 16. A form of government where power is held by a single person, usually a king who inherited their position.
- 17. A leader who seized power in an unconstitutional or illegal manner, often ruling with absolute authority and violence.