Across
- 4. The ability of the heart muscle to contract, which influences cardiac output and, consequently, blood pressure.
- 5. A hormone that promotes sodium and water retention by the kidneys, which increases blood volume and raises blood pressure.
- 6. Blockers: Medications that block the effects of epinephrine on the heart, reducing heart rate and lowering blood pressure.
- 8. A hormone that signals the kidneys to retain sodium and water, leading to increased blood volume and elevated blood pressure.
- 9. A neurotransmitter released during stress, which increases heart rate and induces vasoconstriction, raising blood pressure.
- 11. The thickening and hardening of arterial walls, often caused by long-term high blood pressure.
- 12. The number representing the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts (beats).
- 13. The widening of blood vessels, which reduces vascular resistance and lowers blood pressure.
Down
- 1. Medications that promote the excretion of sodium and water from the body, reducing blood volume and lowering blood pressure.
- 2. The narrowing of blood vessels, which increases vascular resistance and raises blood pressure.
- 3. The number representing the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.
- 6. Stretch-sensitive receptors in blood vessels that help regulate blood pressure by detecting changes in vessel stretch.
- 7. System: A hormone system that regulates blood pressure by promoting vasoconstriction and fluid retention.
- 10. The volume of blood in the heart prior to contraction, influencing the stroke volume and blood pressure.
- 11. The resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood during contraction.