Across
- 3. Country that, along with France and Italy, formed part of Charlemagne’s empire.
- 5. System of land ownership and loyalty that dominated medieval Europe.
- 8. The great church built in Constantinople by Justinian.
- 9. Country included in Charlemagne’s empire along with France and Germany.
- 11. King of the Franks and first Holy Roman Emperor who promoted learning.
- 12. The land or estate managed by a lord and worked by serfs.
- 13. Country that was part of Charlemagne’s empire along with Germany and Italy.
- 14. A powerful noble who owned land and granted small plots to serfs.
Down
- 1. Emperor who built the Hagia Sophia and reformed Roman law.
- 2. A title also used for “lord” during the Middle Ages.
- 4. Monasteries helped spread Christianity by serving as outposts for this kind of work.
- 6. Holy book used by monks to teach Christian beliefs.
- 7. A religious ritual such as baptism that represents receiving God’s grace.
- 10. Peasant farmer bound to the land who worked for a lord.
- 12. Religious community where monks or nuns lived under vows.
