Across
- 3. fuses with enzyme containing lysosome
- 4. special binding substance required by some vaccines, enhances immunogenicity
- 7. adaptations used to invade and establish microbes in the host- effects vary widely
- 16. organisms coming from somewhere in the same human host
- 18. a type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulate the action of other immune system cells
- 20. level of antibodies in the serum over time
- 23. the clumping or sticking together or particles, such as red blood cells due to an interaction with specific antibodies
- 24. pentamer, 10% in plasma, 1 immune response
- 25. monomer in plasma, dimer in mucus, saliva, tears, milk, intestinal secretions, prevents adherence to epithelia
- 26. specific chemical product of microbes that is poisonous to other organisms patterns of infections
- 27. small foreign molecules that are too small by themselves to elicit an immune response
- 30. digests the substance that cements animal cells together
- 31. liquid part of blood, primarily water, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body
- 32. any immunity that is acquired through the normal biological experiences of an individual
- 35. monomer, on mast cells; stimulates release of histamines, attracts eosinophils
- 36. monomer, B cell membrane antigen receptor
- 38. antibodies produced against the chickenpox virus will not function against the measles virus
- 42. large glycoprotein molecules that serve as the antigen receptors of B cells
- 44. the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans
- 45. the accumulation of fluid in afflicted tissue
- 47. filters blood, stores blood cells, and plays a crucial role in the immune system
- 48. cells surface markers and molecules that occur in some members of the same species, but not in others
- 52. a disease identified by a certain complex of signs and symptoms
- 53. enzymes secreted by microbes that break down and inflict damages on tissues
- 54. antibodies bind to pathogens (like viruses or toxins) and prevent them from damaging or infecting cells
- 55. site of development is red bone marrow
- 57. swollen lymph nodes
- 58. occurs when an individual receives antibodies from another human or animals
Down
- 1. directly into the muscle
- 2. class of bacterial exotoxin that disrupts the cell membrane of red blood cells
- 5. network of conective tissues, provides a passageway between tissues and organs
- 6. digests the protective coating on mucous membranes
- 8. plasma, transports WBC, fats, cell debris
- 9. mature in thymus
- 10. subjective evidence of disease as sensed by the patient
- 11. a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes
- 12. objective evidence of disease as noted by an observer
- 13. prime the immune system for future exposure to virulent pathogen
- 14. shallow injection that delivers the substance into the dermis
- 15. kill phagocytes outright
- 17. organisms coming from the outside of the body
- 19. substances that prompts the generation of antibodies and triggers an immune response
- 21. organisms potential to cause disease
- 22. attachment of antibody to foreign cells and viruses is followed binding of the Fc end to phagocytes
- 28. antigens that evoke allergic reactions
- 29. applied under the skin
- 33. monomer; 80% circulating, cross placenta to fetus, 2 immune response
- 34. DNA complexed to proteins, but not pure DNA
- 37. structural and functional classes of immunoglobulins
- 39. two small masses of lymphoid tissue in the throat
- 40. bacterial toxins that are potent stimuli for T cells, the result can be overwhelming release of cytokines and cell death
- 41. causes clotting of blood or plasma
- 43. part of a molecule that is recognized by the immune system, antigens have multiple epitopes
- 46. protection from infection obtained through medical procedures such as vaccines and immune serum
- 49. damages the kidneys
- 50. dissolves fibrin clots
- 51. earliest secretion of breast milk, high in IgA that coats the gastrointestinal tract of a nursing infant
- 56. process of which microbes gain a more stable foothold on host tissues